Classical Conditioning
This psychologist is associated with classical conditioning.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
Water, food, and shelter are examples of this type of reinforcer
What is a primary reinforcer?
Marcy works in a very stressful job and is worried that her high blood pressure is endangering her health. She does not want to take medication. Her doctor suggests using _____________, which would mean she monitors her blood pressure, and when it is high, she uses breathing techniques and takes a walk to help herself calm down.
What is biofeedback?
What is preparedness? (We are more inclined to learn behaviors that aid in survival.)
I read a book to my daughter about a girl who is food insecure. She later asks me if we can put tgether a bag of food for a classmate who she knows is struggling. This exemplifies _____________ behavior.
What is prosocial behavior? When we see someone or a character behaving in a positive manner, we are more likely to behave similarly.
This is learning.
What is acquiring new knowledge through experience?
People become addicted to gambling because of this type of reinforcement schedule, in which they never know when they will win.
What is a variable interval?
Operant conditioning is an example of this type of learning.
What is associative learning?
Morgan volunteers each week at the animal shelter. It brings her much joy and makes her feel that she is contributing to her community. This is an example of ___________ motivation.
What is intrinsic motivation?
I feel excited and satisfied when I see my daughter's cheer team successfully compete. This could be due to a speific type of cell in the frontal lobes of our brains.
What are mirror neurons?
Stimulus Generalization
Roy's coach does not allow him to play in the game today because he missed practice yesterday. This is an example of ______________ reinforcement/punishment.
Negative punishment.
Physical punishment is frowned upon by most people for several reasons. This is one of the reasons.
Modeling; observational learning; positive reinforcement is more effective; cycle of abuse
Lenny amazingly taught his dog how to use a toilet. the dog did this for about a week, and then reverted back to pawing at the door to go outside to potty. This exemplifies ___________.
What is instinctive drift? (Tendency of learned behavior to gradually revert back to biologically predisposed patterns.)
Violent behavior and desensitization to violence in real life is a result of this phenomenon.
What is the violence-viewing effect?
In classical conditioning, the unconditioned repsonse will always be what type of response?
Biological; automatic; beyond a person's control (salivating, raised blood pressure, sweating, etc.)
When we reinforce a behavior, we do so because we want the behavior to ______
Whenever Chelsea wears her red sweater she gets an A on her psychology test. Now she believes that the red sweater brings her good luck. This is an example of __________.
Superstition; superstitious behavior
Molly's mom fell down the steps, hit her head, and was unconscious. Molly, who is 3 years old, was very scared but still called 911. The police officer was so impressed that Molly's mom had taught her how to call 911, but Molly's mom never did. They both later discovered that Molly had seen this on a Disney Junior cartoon. This scenario exemplifies ______.
What is latent learning?
Missy saw her sister get a time out when she used bad language. Missy then never spoke that way. She experienced ____________.
What is vicarious punishment.
This is the return of an extinguished classically conditioned response after a rest period.
What is spontaneous recovery?
Janine plays with her mother's makeup without asking and makes a huge mess. Her mother punishes her by making her clean up the mess and then also clean all the bathrooms. This is an example of _______________reinforcement/punishment.
Positive Punishment
Instead of punishing employees when they make a mistake, managers can do this, which has been shown to boost productivity.
What is rewarding specific behaviors? (Also, answers could be: immediate feedback; reinforing a job well done, well-define and achievable goals.)
When people "eat their feelings" they are engaging in this type of coping.
What is emotion-focused coping?
In Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment, children who saw the adult behave aggressively towards the doll were more likely to behave this way themselves when presented with the doll.
What is more aggressively?