How do we learn?
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Influential Figures and important terms in Learning
Learning by Observation
100
Relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience.
What is learning
100
a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals a US begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus.
What is classical conditioning?
100
a type of learning in which behavior is streghtened if followed by a reinforcer or deminished if followed by a punishment.
What is operant conditioning?
100
modern behaviorism's most influential and controversial figure. He performed various OPERANT CONDITIONING experiment that lead us to understand the precise conditions that foster efficient and enduring learning.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
100
Learning that involves the observation of others.
What is observational learning?
200
By linking two events that occur close together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequence. (as in operant conditioning)
What is associative learning?
200
The view that psychology should be an objective science; that studies the behavior without reference to the mental process.
What is behaviorism?
200
An event that decreases the likelyhood of a behavior.
What is punishment?
200
a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices that record the the animal's rate of bar pressing.
What is Skinner box?
200
the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.
What is modeling?
300
We learn to associate a response and its consequence and thus repeat acts followed by good results.
What is operant conditioning
300
In classical conditioning is the UNLEARNED, NATURALLY OCCURING RESPONSE to the US. Such as the salivation when food is in the mouth.
What is unconditioned response?
300
Behavior that operates on the environment producing consequences.
What is operant behavior.
300
A doctor, who at the age of 33 began studying learning in the hopes to better understand how our brains work. HE PERFORMED THE VERY FIRST CLASSICAL CONDITIONING EXPERIMENT WITH DOGS.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
300
frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so.
What are mirror neurons?
400
We learn by watching others experiences and examples.
What is observational learning?
400
the tendecy, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar response.
What is generalization
400
An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.
What is shaping?
400
Scientist and researcher who challenged the prevailing idea that any association can be learned. He concluded that certain AVERSIONS to certain stimulus can be learned or biologicaly predisposed.
Who is John Garcia?
400
positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior.
What is prosocial behavior?
500
If after seeing an smelling freshly baked bread , you eat some and find it satysfying, then the next time you see and smell frresh bread, your experience will lead you to expect that eating it will be satisfying again.
What is learning by association?
500
the stregthening of a reinforced response.
What is acquisition?
500
Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.
What is reinforcer?
500
The behaviorist who carried out a highly controversial experiment involving the fact that SPECIFIC FEARS MIGHT BE CONDITIONED. The experiment was performed on a todler known simply as "Little Albert"
Who is John B. Watson?
500
Imitation and desensitization are two factors that seem to contribute to the occurance of a certain effect.
What is the violence effect?
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