This is increasing a behavior by either adding or removing a stimulus after the behavior.
What is Reinforcement
100
This is a stimulus that is presented just before the UCS. It was once neutral but eventually can trigger the CR.
What is Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
100
This is the hopelessness and passiveness that one learns after repeatedly being unable to avoid negative events
What is Learned Helplessness
100
This is when a behavior is rewarded after an unpredictable number of responses.
What is Variable Ratio Schedule
100
This is a type of learning where a behavior is strengthened when followed by a reinforcer or diminished when followed by a punisher.
What is Operant Conditioning
200
This is an operant conditioning technique that reinforces behavior similar to desired behavior until gradually the desired behavior is achieved.
What is Shaping
200
This is a stimulus that naturally triggers a response.
What is UCS
200
This is learning achieved by observing another’s behaviors and the consequences of those behaviors and then realizing whether replicating those behaviors will result in positive or negative consequences.
What is Observational Learning
200
This is when a behavior is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed.
What is Variable Interval Schedule
200
This is when, after a pause, an extinguished behavior reappears.
What is Spontaneous Recovery
300
This is decreasing a behavior by presenting an unpleasant stimulus after a behavior is performed.
What is Positive Punishment
300
This is a response triggered by the conditioned stimulus (CS).
What is Conditioned Response (CR)
300
This is a mental representation an individual uses to code, store, and recall information about the layout of their environment.
What is Cognitive Map
300
This is when a behavior is reinforced only after a specified amount of time has elapsed.
What is Fixed Interval Schedule
300
This is a simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus. For example the knee-jerk response.
What is Reflex
400
The __________ Stimulus, in operant conditioning, is a stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement (in contrast to related stimuli not associated with reinforcement)
Hint: Discrimination vs. Generalization
Discriminative
400
This begins to happen as the UCS no longer follows the CS for an extended period of time.
What is Extinction
400
Primary reinforcers are to secondary reinforcers as unconditioned stimuli (UCS) are to _________.
Conditioned Stimuli
400
This is an operant conditioning principle in which one is reinforced every single time they exhibit the appropriate behavior.
What is Continuous Reinforcement
400
This is treatment designed to stop a behavior in which a positive result of a behavior is replaced by a negative result. For example putting a chemical in alcohol so that when you drink it you throw up.
What is Aversion Therapy
500
The Law of ________ is Edward Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely (basic principle behind operant conditioning).
Effect
500
In Ivan Pavlov's famous classical conditioning experiment with dogs, what were the UCS, CS, and CR?
UCS-food
CS-bell
CR-salivation
500
This is when learning occurs but it is not clearly demonstrated until a reward or incentive is present.
What is Latent Learning
500
This is reinforcing a response only part of the time which takes longer to be learned but resists extinction better than does continuous reinforcement.
What is Partial Reinforcement
500
Innately reinforcing stimuli such as the ones that satisfy physiological needs.
Hint: not UCS but very similar