Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
Vocab
People and Facts
100
____ --> ____ ____ + ____ --> ____ ___ --> ____
US --> UR NS + US --> UR CS --> CR
100
Little Pat and little Zach are friends, but they often fight. Their mothers agree that if they go the whole day without fighting, they can eat dessert at dinner. The actual dessert they are given is a _________ reinforcer.
What is primary?
100
"I saw Cady Heron wearing army pants and flip flops, so I bought army pants and flip flops."
What is modeling?
100
A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus.
What is Classical Conditioning?
100
Pavlov is to __________ as Skinner is to __________.
What is classical conditioning, operant conditioning
200
Noimon loves presents. Every time she receives a present, she gets really excited, screaming and jumping around a lot. Noimon's parents always give her presents in a box wrapped in pink paper with a gold bow. One day, Noimon is presented with a box wrapped in pink paper with a gold bow, and she immediately starts screaming and jumping around like crazy!
US--> present, UR--> excitement (screaming and jumping) NS--> box wrapped in pink with gold bow CS --> box wrapped in pink with gold bow CR--> excitement (screaming and jumping)
200
On Tuesday, Ms. Schmidt decided to sit on the couch and watch House rather than going to the gym. She is exhibiting a(n) (immediate/delayed) reinforcer.
What is immediate?
200
An experiment in which children observed mildly aggressive behavior and then exhibited extremely aggressive behavior.
What is the Bobo doll experiment?
200
reinforcements guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.
What is shaping?
200
Little Albert was a child who experienced ____________ conditioning, which instilled intense fear of furry animals and other furry objects in little Albert.
What is classical conditioning?
300
While hiking in Colorado, you get sick due to the altitude. Now every time you are hiking you become sick. Identify the US, UR, NS, CS, CR
What is US (altitude)--> UR (nausea), NS (hiking) + US (altitude) --> UR (nausea), CS (hiking)--> CR (nausea)
300
At the beginning of the season, every player on the lacrosse team practiced equally hard. However, as the season went on, some slacked off; others continued to work hard. Those who worked hard received more playing time. They experienced ________________ reinforcement.
What is positive reinforcement?
300
positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior.
What is prosocial behavior?
300
The diminishing of a conditioned response. This occurs in Classical Conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus. This occurs in Operant Conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.
What is Extinction?
300
The principle that "rewarded behavior is likely to recur."
What is Thorndike's law of effect?
400
Little Su loves to go to the toy store and get a brand new toy. As she walks into the store, a bell tinkles to let the owner know a customer has arrived. Now, every time little Su hears a bell ring, she expects to get a toy.
US--> Going to the toy store UR--> getting a toy NS--> bell rings CS--> bell rings CR--> expects a toy
400
Mislav's parents are always nagging him to cut his hair. The longer and crazier his hair gets, the more they nag him. Usually, he gives into their nagging about once a month. But not always... What type of reinforcement is Mislav experiencing?
What is negative reinforcement?
400
True or false: The belief that the Columbine shooters were influenced by violent video games has NO basis in psychology. Explain your answer.
False; based on the Bobo Doll experiment, there is SOME basis for video game violence inciting real violence. However, there is NO evidence that violent video games CAUSE violent actions.
400
Tiger Woods claims to have ________ motivation because he demonstrated initiative and did not rely on his father to make him practice.
What is intrinsic?
400
Involuntary response is to ________ conditioning as voluntary response is to __________ conditioning.
Involuntary response is to classical conditioning as voluntary response is to operant conditioning.
500
Jordan just bought a beautiful chesnut horse. She stables her in her backyard. To keep the horse from running away, she installs an electric fence with enough current to give a horse a painful shock. One day, the horse gets too near the fence and gets shocked. The horse whinnies and shies away from the fence in pain. Unfortunately, this occurs several times. A few months later, Jordan decides to move her horse to a farm. She keeps the horse in a large pasture with a fence around it. Although this fence is NOT electrified, the horse never goes near it.
US--> electric shock, UR--> shy away NS--> fence CS--> any fence, CR--> shy away
500
John only cleans his room when his grandmother comes to visit. She comes once a month, but he never knows what day. He knows that if he puts things back where they belong he won't have as much to do, but it's much easier to throw them on the floor and go play video games. However, when he finds out his grandmother is coming, he must frantically pick everything up and put it away. He knows that if his room isn't clean, his grandmother will yell at him. Identify: primary or conditioned reinforcer? immediate or delayed? continuous or partial? reinforcement schedule? type of reinforcement?
conditioned, delayed, partial, variable-interval, positive punishment
500
Mirror neurons show that humans experience empathy. In other words, they allow us to infer another person's mental state. Think back to Developing through the Lifetime: the ability of a child to infer another's mental state is called __________.
What is theory of mind?
500
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
What is latent learning?
500
The son of Californian farmworkers, this man challenged Pavlov's findings and pioneered the importance of biological predispositions.
Who is John Garcia?
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