Blood Basics
Blood is classified as this type of tissue.
What is fluid connective tissue
This is the most abundant plasma protein and helps maintain osmotic pressure.
What is albumin
RBCs generate ATP using this metabolic pathway, allowing them not to consume the O₂ they carry.
What is anaerobic respiration
This hormone, released mainly by the kidneys, regulates RBC production.
What is erythropoietin (EPO)?
Anemia caused by sudden trauma or injury is known as this.
What is acute hemorrhagic anemia?
These three major functions summarize what blood does.
What are transport, regulation, and protection
Only these cells in the blood are “complete cells” with a nucleus.
What are leukocytes (WBCs)?
The biconcave shape of erythrocytes maximizes this.
What is surface area for gas exchange
The pluripotent stem cell that gives rise to all blood cells.
What is the hematopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast)
Iron-deficiency anemia produces RBCs with this appearance.
What are microcytes (small, pale RBCs)?
This percentage of a centrifuged blood sample represents erythrocytes.
What is the hematocrit
Platelets are fragments of this giant cell.
What is the megakaryocyte
Each hemoglobin molecule can bind this many oxygen molecules.
What is four (4)?
This vitamin and this vitamin are required for DNA synthesis during erythropoiesis.
What are vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid?
Autoimmune destruction of intrinsic factor leads to this anemia.
What is pernicious anemia
Blood’s viscosity is mostly due to this formed element.
What are erythrocytes (RBCs)?
This layer in a centrifuged tube contains WBCs and platelets.
What is the buffy coat
CO₂ binds to hemoglobin to form this compound.
What is carbaminohemoglobin
RBCs are destroyed primarily in this organ’s macrophages.
What is the spleen
Sickle-cell anemia offers a survival advantage against this disease.
What is malaria
Normal blood pH falls between these values.
What is 7.35–7.45
Plasma is roughly this percentage of total blood volume.
What is ~55
One RBC contains approximately this many hemoglobin molecules.
What is 250 million
This yellow pigment is produced from heme breakdown and later becomes stercobilin in feces.
What is bilirubin?
This condition involves excessive RBC production, leading to increased viscosity; often due to bone marrow cancer.
What is polycythemia vera