Thorax Clinical Supplement
A depression of the sternum, "funnel chest"; associated with exercise intolerance dyspnea, and chest pain
Pectus excavatum
CNS levels of the heart
T1-T4
Most common site of occlusion in the coronary arteries
Anterior inter-ventricular artery (LAD)
What the artery of the 5th arch becomes
NOTHING
Cardiac precursor cells arise from ___
the epiblast
Compression of the heart from accumulated fluid in the pericardial sac
Cardiac tamponade
Where the vast majority of lymph from the breast is directed
axillary nodes
there are 3 right and 2 left secondary bronchi (each supplies a lobe)
a communication forms between the left umbilical vein and the right vitelline (hepatocardiac) channel, this is called ____
ductus venosus
Most common type of ventricular septal defect
muscular part (80% of VSDs)
Landmarks associated with T4 and T6 dermatomes
T4-male nipple
T6-iphoid process
thick fascia over the cupula, provides support and protection
suprapleural membrane (Sibson’s Fascia)
Venous drainage of the breast (2 veins)
axillary vein and internal thoracic vein
What arch persists as common carotid and internal carotid arteries?
artery of the third arch
Two important shunts that develop in the embryonic heart
the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus
3 types of pneumothorax
Spontaneous, Tension, Open/Traumatic
SVC returns blood from ___ (4 things)
upper limbs, thoracic wall, neck and head
What does the lymph of the pleura drain with? (2 parts)
visceral pleura drains with the lung tissue
parietal pleura drains with the body wall
Aug 6 1828
truncus arteriosus, conus cordis, trabeculated part of right ventricle
Where the 4 heart valves are best auscultated
Aortic –heard best at 2nd intercostal space just lateral to the sternum, on the R
Pulmonary –heard best at 2nd intercostal space just lateral to the sternum, on the L
Tricuspid –heard best at 5th intercostal space just lateral to the sternum, on the L
Mitral –heard best at 5th intercostal space at mid-clavicular line, on the left
names of the 5 sections of the parietal pleura
costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, cervical (cupula), pulmonary ligament
contents of the anterior mediastinum (5)
1. fat
2. sternopericardial ligament
3. lymph nodes
4. mediastinal branches of the internal thoracic artery
5. thymus gland or remnants thereof
What the following veins drain in the embryo
a. subcardinal veins
b. sacrocardinal veins
c. supracardinal veins
a. subcardinal veins – drain the kidneys
b. sacrocardinal veins – drains the lower extremities
c. supracardinal veins – drain the body wall
4 symptoms associated with Tetralogy of Fallot
1. pulmonary stenosis
2. right ventricular hypertrophy
3. over-riding (dextroposition of the) aorta – aorta gets blood from the right ventricle
4. ventricular septal defect