Homeostasis & Organization (Ch. 1)
This principle states that function always reflects structure.
What is the principle of complementarity of structure and function?
This subatomic particle determines the atomic number.
What is a proton?
Water moves toward areas of higher solute concentration. This is called:
What is osmosis?
The plasma membrane is primarily made of this double-layer structure.
What is a phospholipid bilayer?
This organelle produces most of the cell’s ATP.
What is the mitochondrion?
This type of feedback reduces or shuts off the original stimulus.
What is negative feedback?
Atoms that differ in number of neutrons but are the same element are called:
What are isotopes?
A substance that resists changes in pH is called a:
What is a buffer?
Movement of substances down their concentration gradient without ATP is called:
What is passive transport?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Name the correct order from simplest to most complex: atoms, tissues, organs, cells.
What are atoms → cells → tissues → organs?
This bond involves the transfer of electrons and forms cations and anions.
What is an ionic bond?
This reaction joins monomers together by removing water.
What is dehydration synthesis?
Movement of water across a membrane is called:
What is osmosis?
This phase of interphase is when DNA replication occurs.
What is the S phase?
This organ system regulates growth, reproduction, and metabolism through hormones.
What is the endocrine system?
This rule states atoms want eight electrons in their valence shell for stability.
What is the octet rule?
Proteins are polymers made of these monomers.
What are amino acids?
This transport process moves substances against their gradient using ATP directly.
What is primary active transport?
The four stages of mitosis in order are:
What are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase?
A patient has a fever of 103°F. The hypothalamus detects the elevated temperature and activates sweat glands and vasodilation. However, the temperature continues rising due to infection. Explain why this is still considered negative feedback even though the imbalance persists.
Negative feedback attempts to reduce the original stimulus (elevated temperature) by activating effectors (sweating and vasodilation), even if the system cannot fully restore balance due to overwhelming external factors like infection.
Put these in order from strongest to weakest: hydrogen, covalent, ionic, van der Waals.
What are covalent → ionic → hydrogen → van der Waals?
DNA and RNA are polymers made of these building blocks.
What are nucleotides?
If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, it will:
What is shrink (crenate)?
Programmed cell death is called:
What is apoptosis?