Gene Regulation
A region of DNA that allows RNA polymerase to bind and initiate transcription
What is a promotor?
A group of genes determines the identity of body segments during animal development
What is Hox Genes?
An evolutionary process produces an additional copy of an existing gene.
What is Gene Duplication?
A complex adaptation is
What is a trait requiring multiple specific evolutionary changes that together provide a functional advantage?
Occurs when unrelated lineages independently develop similar traits because of similar selection pressures.
What is Convergent Evolution?
A type of protein that binds DNA and helps turn gene expression on or off
What is a Transcription factor?
In fruit flies, mutations in which Hox gene can cause legs to develop where antennae normally form.
What is Antennapedia?
Homologous genes that are produced by gene duplication.
What is Paralogs?
Proteins in the eye help capture light and enable visual responses.
What is Opsins?
Occurs when similar traits independently evolve in lineages starting from similar ancestral conditions.
What is Parallel evolution?
A system of interacting genes, proteins, and regulatory molecules that controls gene expression
What is a Regulatory network?
The term for a developmental mutation that causes one body part to develop into another.
What is Homeotic transformation?
Proteins that are capable of performing more than one function.
What is Promiscuous proteins?
Proteins that help maintain transparency and direct incoming light in the eye's lens.
What is Crystallins?
A gene influencing multiple traits.
What is Pleiotropy?
A mutation causes a gene to become expressed in a new tissue without changing its protein. What type of region was likely altered
What is a Regulatory region (cis-regulatory region)?
The unusuality about the arrangement of Hox genes in fruit flies.
What is their order along the chromosome corresponds to their order of expression along the body?
The new ability developed by the bacteria in the long-term E. coli evolution experiment.
What is the ability to metabolize citrate in the presence of oxygen?
Proteins performed this function originally before being used for snake venom.
What is defense against bacteria (antimicrobial defense)?
Antagonistic pleiotropy
What is when a gene influences multiple traits and a mutation has beneficial effects on some traits but harmful effects on others?
Mutations in genes near the top of a regulatory hierarchy cause dramatic developmental changes, why?
What is they can alter the expression of many downstream genes, affecting multiple developmental processes?
Hox genes are considered apart of an ancient, conserved genetic toolkit, why?
What is they were inherited from a common ancestor and help regulate body development across many different animal lineages?
How did duplication involving the citT gene and rnk promoter allow E. coli to use citrate in the presence of oxygen?
What is the duplication placed citT under the control of the rnk promoter, allowing the citrate transporter to be expressed when oxygen was present?
How did changes in gene regulation contribute to the evolution of snake venom from defensin proteins?
What is following gene duplication, regulatory mutations caused a defensin gene copy to be expressed in the mouth or venom glands, where its proteins were recruited for venom functions?
Fly eyes and vertebrate eyes evolved independently but share ancient developmental mechanisms.
What is Deep homology?