Cellular Respiration Basics
What happens if there is a blockage in the electron transport chain?
ATP production stops and cells lose energy.
What is the role of ATP in the cell?
It acts as the main energy carrier.
What chemical is commonly found in pesticides that can block energy production?
Rotenone
Which macromolecule provides the most energy per gram?
Fat (Lipids)
The term 'metabolism' refers to:
The sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism.
What process occurs during anaerobic respiration?
Fermentation
In which part of the cell does the Krebs Cycle occur?
Mitochondrial matrix.
What happens to the heart if ATP levels drop significantly?
The heart can stop beating effectively.
How do plants absorb light energy?
Through chlorophyll in chloroplasts.
What causes energy imbalance leading to obesity?
Consuming more calories than the body uses
Catabolism is best described as:
The breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones.
How do anaerobic bacteria help in the decomposition process?
They break down organic materials without oxygen.
What is the significance of 'hypoxia' in cellular respiration?
It refers to low oxygen availability at the cellular level.
What can happen to muscles if ATP production is impaired?
Muscles can cramp or become weak.
What byproduct is released during photosynthesis?
Oxygen.
What is the result of a negative energy balance?
Weight loss
Which type of reaction is an anabolic reaction?
Building larger molecules from smaller ones.
Where does aerobic respiration mainly occur in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria - Electron Transport Chain
What acts as the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain?
Oxygen.
Why could a person still have oxygen in their blood but still experience organ failure?
Their cells can’t use the oxygen due to a blockage in energy production.
What is the main gas absorbed by plants during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide.
What factor is most likely to influence weight gain?
Consumption of more calories than expended.
What does the 'Lock-and-Key' model describe?
How substrates fit into enzymes' active sites.
Explain the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic does not.
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain.
Which electron carriers are produced during the Krebs Cycle?
NADH and FADH2.
What is the primary pigment in plants responsible for photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll.
What is Body Mass Index (BMI) used for?
To estimate body fat based on height and weight.
What is the importance of coenzymes in metabolic processes?
They assist enzymes by speeding up catalyzing reactions.
What is produced within muscles during intense exercise and low-oxygen conditions and what does this cause?
Lactic Acid - Cramping and soreness