Enter Category
What is unicellular and does not require a living a tissue?
Bacteria
Name the three basic shapes of Bacteria?
Bacilli
Spirals
Cocci
Name the 5 groupings
Diplo
Strepto
Staphylo
Tetrads
Palisades
How do we classify bacteria?
Unicellular, do not require living tissue to survive and are based on grouping
Describe the bacterial cell anatomy and describe their purpose
Cell wall- protects bacteria; stay tuned…
Cell membrane- semipermeable; controls movement in & out of cell
External capsule- additional protection & adhesion to surfaces; interferes with phagocytosis by macrophages
Cytoplasm- contains DNA & RNA; site of drug resistance
Flagella- provides motility
Pili- transfer genetic material between bacteria= genetic variation
What color does Gram + bacteria stain and why?
Stains purple because of the thick peptidoglycan layer with no outer membrane.
What color does Gram - bacteria stain?
Pink due to the thin peptidoglycan layer and contains outer membrane
Why is knowing whether a bacteria is Gram +/ -?
To help select the appropriate antibiotic.
What are three Atypical bacteria?
1.Chlamydiae
2.Rickettsiae
3.Mycoplasma
Why is Mycoplasma a Atypical bateria?
Appear in many shapes
Smallest cellular microbes
Behave as parasites on surface of host cells- not intracellular
Lack a cell wall- not affected by many antibiotics
Describe the steps of a primary or Latent TB? (HINT: 7 steps)
Organism is inhaled into the lung --> Engulfed by macrophages--> Local inflammation reaction --> Some bacilli to the lymph nodes activating a type IV hypersensitivity reaction --> lymphocytes & macrophages cluster to form granulomas --> infected tissues in the tubercle die --> Tubercle becomes walled off by fibrous tissue.
What is it called when infected tissues in the tubercle die
Caseation necrosis
Acid fast test can be preformed on the following? (HINT 6 of them)
Blood
Urine
Lung tissue
Skin tissue
Stool
Bone Marrow
Describe the essentials to Chlamydiae being an Atypical bacteria?
•Lack many enzymes for metabolic processes (they need a host cell)
Where does TB show up on a chest xray?
What is the cluster form of a granuloma called?
Tubercle
What are the 6 steps to a secondary TB reaction?
1. Immunosuppression
2. Hidden bacilli in the tubercles are reactivated
3. Tissue destruction & large areas of necrosis
4. Open areas in the lung and erosion into the bronchi
5. Organism spreads to other parts of the lungs tissue
6. Bacilli are present in the sputum
What is the indication of a acid fast bacteria on an acid fast test?
+ test
Name the two forms of Chlamydia?
•Elementary body (EB)- infectious; +cell wall; bind to epithelial cells
”the little bodies are all infectious”
•Reticulate body (RB)- noninfectious; uses host cell to make ATP/ reproduce
Why does mycobacteria stain?
Mycolis Acids
What is it called when the tubercle becomes walled off by fibrous tissue?
Ghon complexes
What is an example of a Mycoplasma bacteria?
Walking Pneumonia
What is the indication of there being no present acid fast bacteria?
- test
Why is Rickettsiae an Atypical bacteria?
Obligate intracellular parasite (cannot reproduce outside host cell)
Gram negative pleomorphic rods
No human to human transmission
What is an example of Rickettsiae?
Rocky Mountain Spotter fever