Anxiety Disorders
What are the stages of general adaptation syndrome?
alarm reaction stage
resistance stage
exhaustion stage
what are the things that should be documented with a patient with PTSD
D: detachment
R: experiencing (the traumatic event)
E: Emotional (hyper or hypoarousal)
A: Avoidance behaviors
M: >1 Month symptoms show up and then last for 3 months
S: sympathetic hyperarousal
Define what a panic disorder is
discrete episodes of panic which eventually require no stimulus (kindling effect)
Describe the difference between obsessions and compulsion and how they are related?
obsessions are recurrent, persistent, intrusive unwanted thoughts, images or impulses that are marked with anxiety
compulsions: ritualistic or repetitive behaviors or mental acts
** compulsions are done with the intent to decrease the anxiety that comes along with their obsessions
What changes in brain structure indicate schizophrenia? And what do these changes effect?
enlarged dark ventricles mostly in the middle of their brain effecting:
perception, organization, cognitive struggles, delusions, etc.
symptoms started within a month but have not exceed 6 months.
What does depersonalization mean in terms of dissociative disorders?
an out of body experience - this is typically the first step in dissociation
this can be something like seeing parts of their body differently that they dont recognize as their own
What is the scientific term for avoidance behavior?
agoraphobia
what are some self soothing behaviors associated with OCD?
dermatillomania (skin picking)
onychophagia (nail biting)
trichotillomania (hair pulling)
What is the age of schizophrenia onset for women vs men?
women - 25-35
men - 15-25
Describe the difference between acute stress disorder and PTSD.
acute stress disorder shows symptoms 3 days to 4 weeks after trauma occurred -- typically a precursor for PTSD
PTSD shows symptoms 1 month after trauma that last for 3 months.
what does derealization mean in terms of dissociative disorders?
something in the environment changing that is no longer real
example: seeing the wall moving
deep breathing or relaxation
benzos, SSRIs, Tricyclic (panic/crisis)
antidepressants, antihypertensives
What are reward seeking behaviors associated with OCD?
kleptomania (compulsive stealing)
Oniomania (compulsive buying)
Hoarding (excessive acquisition)
Pyromania (fire setting)
Describe the difference between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive are symptoms that have been added - delusions, hallucinations, grossly organizing thinking speech and behavior
negative are symptoms that have been taken away: flat affect, lack of motivation, social withdrawal or discomfort
What group of people are more at risk for anxiety?
Define fugue
traveling without memory of how you got somewhere
What is a phobia?
an intense, illogical persistent fear
instead you can distract them, substitute other things for their compulsions or delay if they are comfortable with that
What type of medications are used to treat schizophrenia and what type of symptoms do they treat?
Atypical antipsychotics - treats both positive and negative symptoms
During which level(s) of anxiety is nursing intervention necessary?
moderate, severe & panic
during sever and panic the patient should not be left alone
moderate the nurse should decrease the environmental stimuli and help the patient calm themselves down
What is thought to be the most effective form of treatment for PTSD and dissociative disorder?
EMDR
Eye movement desensitization & reprocessing
What are the three categories of phobias
agoraphobia
social phobia
specific phobia ( can be anything )
Do clients with OCD think that their obsessions are rational or irrational?
they believe they are irrational and wish they could stop them.
What is the benefit to using depot injections for schizophrenic patients?
they are slowly released over time in the body to permit less frequent administration of medication which is helpful when patients who may be paranoid and think that someone is trying to poison them, etc. also eliminates the need for a daily oral medication