Limbic System
Main output pathway of the hippocampus
What is the fornix?
The result of lesions in the accumbens nucleus
What is decreased motivation?
Three main functions of CSF
The region that comes after the mammillary bodies in the Papez circuit
What is the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (via the mammilothalamic tract)?
The type of amnesia that is due to damage in the cortex
What is retrograde amnesia?
bundles of twisted filaments found within neurons
What are neurofibullary tangles (as seen in Alzheimer’s disease)?
Problems with production, circulation or reabsorption of CSF can result in this condition
What is hydrocephalus?
CSF flows from the fourth ventricle to the subarachnoid space via this structure
What is the lateral apertures of the fourth ventricle (also called the foramina of Luschka) and median aperture of the fourth ventricle (also called the foramen of Magendie)?
The learning, storage and retrieval of skills and emotional responses
Non-declarative memory
damage to mammillary bodies and the MD nucleus of the thalamus causes this syndrome
What is korsakoff syndrome?
The first part of the brain to degenerate in alzheimer’s And what it leads to
The result of damage to the anterior cerebral artery
What is somatosensory-motor deficit in the contralateral side of the body, with the leg being affected more than the arm?
A region of tissue effected by a stroke
What is an infarct?
The cause of left neglect syndrome
What is damage to the middle cerebral artery on the right (non-dominant) side that affects the parietal lobe?
The result of bilateral destruction of the amygdala
What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome. There is a decrease in fear responses and aggression, and an increase in sexual and eating behaviours?
The outputs of the amygdala.
What are the hypothalamus, septal nuclei, MD nucleus and the parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus?
The result of damage to the middle cerebral artery in the left hemisphere
What is expressive or receptive aphasia?
loss of motor control and pain and temperature sensation below the level of the lesion is due to this kind of stroke
This part of the cortex plays a role in error dectection.
What is the cingulate cortex?
The neural basis for reinforcement learning
Increased activation in the accumbens nucleus causes a reinforcement of the action that led to that activation, making it more likely that the action will be performed again.
The three main sub cortical structures involved in the reward system.
What are the accumbens nucleus, septal area and ventral tegmental area?
A stroke in the basilar artery will cause this phenomenon
What is locked in syndrome?
contralateral homonymous hemianopsia can be a result of damage to this artery
What is the posterior cerebral artery?
an alternate route for blood flow in case of blockage of an artery
What is an anastamosis?