Intro to the human body pt. 1
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology and how do they relate to each other?
Anatomy is the structures of the body; physiology is the function of the body. Structure supports function
Which plane of the body divides the body into left and right halves? front and back? top and bottom?
left and right - sagittal plane
front and back - frontal (coronal) plane
top and bottom - transverse plane
Which two types of medical imaging techniques use ionizing radiation?
X-rays + computed tomography scans
Which 4 elements make up 96% of human body mass?
Oxygen
carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
A _________ bond has to form before a hydrogen bond
polar covalent bond
What are the six levels of structural organization in order from least complex to most complex?
Chemical -> cellular -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism
Which directional terms mean toward the midline? Away from the midline?
toward the midline - medial
away from the midline - lateral
Which type of medical imaging technique would be used to evaluate soft tissues or the brain/spinal cord?
Magnetic resonance imaging
Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an atom? What are their charge and where are they located?
protons - positively charged, in the nucleus
An _______ is a biological catalyst that lowers the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
enzyme
What are the 7 functional characteristics of human life?
organization, metabolism, responsiveness, movement, development, growth, reproduction
What two cavities are contained in the dorsal cavity? what cavities are contained in the ventral cavity?
Dorsal - cranial cavity + spinal cavity
Ventral - thoracic cavity + abdominopelvic cavity
Which type of medical imaging technique would be used to locate and measure a suspected tumor (not metabolic activity)
Which subatomic particle determines the stability of an atom and what is the name of the outermost electron shell?
electrons
valence shell
What are the three types of inorganic molecules discussed in class?
Water, salts, acids & bases
What is homeostasis and what is the primary mechanism used by the body to maintain it?
Homeostasis - an internal balance
It is primarily maintained by negative feedback loops
What are the three types of serous membranes discussed and what does each type cover?
Pleura - covers the lungs
pericardium - covers the heart
peritoneum - covers abdominal organs
Which type of medical imaging technique would be used to show metabolic activity of a known tumor
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Which type of bond creates cations and anions?
ionic bonds
How is pH measured?
the concentration of hydrogen ions
What is the setpoint of the body? What is the normal range?
Setpoint: the ideal value the body tries to maintain
Normal range: the acceptable fluctuations around that set point
serous membranes have two layers. What is the name of the layer that covers the organs, and what is the name of the layer that lines the walls of the cavity?
Visceral layer - covers organs
parietal layer - lines cavity walls
Which type of medical imaging technique would be used to evaluate abdominal organs (i.e gallbladder, kidneys, etc.)
ultrasound
True or False: polar covalent bonds have unequal sharing of electrons, causing partial charges
true
What were the 4 types of lipids discussed in class?