Lesson 1
These six groups make up the major types of microorganisms.
What are bacteria & archaea, protozoa, helminths, fungi, viruses, and prions?
This type of glycocalyx protects the cell from water and nutrient loss. It causes periodontal disease.
What is slime layer?
The process of yeast reproduction.
What is budding?
A complete DNA sequence.
What is genome?
These cells naturally lack a cell wall.
What is mycoplasmas?
This scientist used swan-necked flasks to disprove spontaneous generation.
Who is Louis Pasteur?
Enzyme in tears/saliva that digests peptidoglycan.
What is lysozyme?
In this phase, cells divide at the fastest possible rate.
What is the exponential (log) phase?
DNA replication is called this because each new DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand.
What is semiconservative replication?
Departments of health such as the CDC and WHO are part of this branch of microbiology.
What is Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology?
The branch of microbiology that studies the immune system and develops vaccines.
What is immunology?
These two groups of bacteria are acid-fast.
What are Mycobacterium and Nocardia?
In this phase, cell growth equals cell death.
What is the stationary phase?
This enzyme synthesizes new DNA by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.
What is DNA Polymerase?
Diseases caused by Endospores.
What is anthrax, tetanus, and botulism?
Any agent such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or helminth that causes disease.
What is pathogen?
The full name of the molecule in the Gram-negative outer membrane that contains polysaccharide chains and endotoxin.
What is lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
In this phase, live cell numbers decrease while endospores may survive.
What is the death phase?
A group of genes that are regulated together.
What is operons?
The site on DNA where replication begins.
What is the origin of replication?
What are the levels of classification from general to most specific?
What is domain, kingdom, phylum (division), class, order, family, genus, species?
This Gram-positive bacterium uses a capsule to cause pneumonia.
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Nutrients, space, and oxygen become limited in this phase.
What is the stationary phase?
The genetic code is described this way because more than one codon can code for the same amino acid.
What is redundancy (redundant)?
This type of mutation is caused by a nucleotide insertion or deletion.
What is frameshift mutation?