Muscle tissue pt. 3
What are the three sources for ATP in skeletal muscle? and what is the duration of energy for each?
Creatine phosphate (10 seconds, short), glycolysis (30-40 seconds, moderate), aerobic respiration (sustained energy)
what in cardiac muscle allows for rapid electrical communication (action potential)
intercalated discs
What is an agonist? Antagonist? Synergist? Fixator? can you give an example that we discussed and all of the parts?
Agonist = main mover; antagonist = opposes the movement; synergist = helps the agonist; fixator = stabilizes the main mover
Elbow flexion: biceps brachii (agonist), Triceps brachii (antagonist), brachialis (synergist), rotator cuff muscles (fixator)
What are the two muscles that assist in closure of the mouth?
buccinator (deep) & masseter (superficial)
which fascicle arrangement can have different names depending on how man sides of the tendon the muscle fibers attach to?
pennate (can be unipennate, bipennate, multipennate)
When muscles are used frequently, they develop more capillaries and increase endurance. The process of this is known as:
angiogenesis
These cells are found in smooth muscle and trigger rhythmic contraction
pacesetter
The fascicle arrangement influences a muscle's _____ & __________
force & range of motion
Rectus muscles are there for up, down & side to side
oblique muscles are there for rotation
What is the diaphragm and where is it?
dome shaped muscle that sits at the inferior portion of the rib cage, is the prime mover for inhalation, and separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Which type of muscle fibers have high myoglobin, and mitochondria, and are more present in someone doing endurance training?
slow oxidative
Which muscle type has good regeneration potential? Moderate regeneration potential? poor regeneration potential?
Smooth muscle; skeletal muscle; cardiac muscle
The pectoralis major would have what type of fascicle arrangement?
convergent
What are the 3 layers covering the lateral sides of the abdomen in order from most superficial to deepest?
External obliques, internal obliques, transverse abdominus
Arm and leg muscles that extend into the digits are called?
digitorum muscles
Which type of muscle fibers have a low myoglobin and mitochondria concentration, and would be more present in someone who does more resistance training?
fast glycolytic
What is cardiac muscle replaced with if it is injured?
fibrosis (scarring)
What are the criteria in which names of muscles are based?
location, size, shape, direction of fibers, number of origin, origin & insertion points, action
what is the term 'boxer's muscles' describing
serratus anterior
If a muscle has the word 'levator' in the name, what movement is that likely producing?
elevation
What are the terms describing abnormally high muscle tone? Abnormally low muscle tone?
hypertonia, hypotonia
What two components determine WHEN a muscle contracts; what two components determine HOW a muscle contracts?
troponin & tropomyosin; actin & myosin
The __________ is a tendon that connects the frontal and occipital bellies of the occipitofrontalis
epicranial aponeurosis
what muscles make up the quadriceps
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
What 3 muscles on the back of the leg? What is the tendon that is on the back of the heel?
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris; calcaneus tendon (Achilles tendon)