Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue
What are the five characteristics of neurons?
Excitability, conductivity, secretion, extreme longevity, and they are amitotic
What cells secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid?
Ependymal cells
What ligaments anchor the spinal cord to the dura mater?
Denticulate ligaments
What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?
To maintain homeostasis
Astrocytes control the chemical environment in the central nervous system by forming what important barrier?
The blood brain barrier
The sensory portion of the facial cranial nerve acquires a taste sensation from what portion of the tongue?
The anterior two thirds of the tongue
Where in the spinal cord can clusters of cell bodies be found?
In the posterior root ganglion
Autonomic motor pathways consist of how many lower motor neurons?
Two
What are the four different signal segments of a neuron?
The receptive segment, initial segment, conductive segment, and transmissive segment
What is the function of the reticular activating system?
The sensory function alerts the cerebrum of incoming sensory information
What is the longest nerve found in the body?
The sciatic nerve
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
How many millivolts is resting membrane potential?
-70 mV
What two structures can be found in the parietal lobe region of the cerebrum?
The primary somatosensory cortex and part of Wernicke's area
A somatic reflex is responsible for the reflex of what muscle type?
Skeletal muscle
The parasympathetic nervous system enhance what kind of activity?
Rest and digest
What clinical application is described as an autoimmune disorder that causes destruction of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system?
Multiple Sclerosis
What clinical application is described as an episode of temporary cerebral dysfunction?
Paraplegia occurs when there is damage to what series of vertebrae?
T1 through L1
What are the five components to autonomic reflexes?
A sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, preganglionic motor neuron and a postganglionic motor neuron, and visceral effectors