Infection Prevention
HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
“INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED IN ANY SETTING”
Primary defenses
ANATOMICAL FEATURES, LIMIT PATHOGEN ENTRY
INTACT SKIN
MUCOUS MEMBRANES
TEARS
NORMAL FLORA IN GI TRACT
NORMAL FLORA IN URINARY TRACT
Some Things to Consider When Communicating
Tone of voice
Is the message clear? (Clarity)
Use as few words as possible to convey message. (Brevity)
Timing
Credibility
Humor
What is primary prevention?
Healthcare promotion, programs, teachings, Flyers, Information expo’s EX. Wearing Sunscreen, Eating Healthy.
Normal Temperature: oral, axillary, and rectal
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
“REFERS MORE SPECIFICALLY TO HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS”
Secondary defenses
BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES ACTIVATED BY CHEMICALS RELEASED BY PATHOGENS
PHAGOCYTOSIS
COMPLEMENT CASCADE
INFLAMMATION
FEVER
Therapeutic Communication Techniques - Defined
Caregiver verbal and nonverbal techniques that focus on the care receiver’s needs and advance the promotion of healing and change
Therapeutic communication encourages exploration of feelings and fosters understanding of behavioral motivation.
It is nonjudgmental, discourages defensiveness, and promotes trust.
what is secondary prevention?
screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages. EX mammograms + cancer screening, Annual Physical, diabetes screening
Normal Pulse, brady, and tachy
Normal Pulse: 60-100 bpm
Bradycardia <60 bpm
Tachycardia >100 bpm
what is an infection?
WHEN MICROORGANISMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DISEASE INVADE THE BODY
TERTIARY DEFENSES
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Phases of a Therapeutic Relationship
Pre-interaction phase: occurs before meeting the patient
2. Orientation/ Introductory phase: when the nurse and the patient meet and get to know each other
3. Working phase: when the nurse and the patient work together to solve problems and accomplish goals, use of nursing interventions to meet outcomes
4. Termination phase: occurs at the end of a relationship
what is teriary prevention
managing disease post diagnosis to slow or stop; rehabilitation EX. rehab
Respiratory Rate
12 – 20 breaths
STAGES OF INFECTION (5 stages)
INCUBATION: FROM TIME OF INFECTION UNTIL MANIFESTATION OF SYMPTOMS; CAN INFECT OTHERS
PRODROMAL: APPEARANCE OF VAGUE SYMPTOMS; NOT ALL DISEASES HAVE THIS STAGE
ILLNESS: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS PRESENT
DECLINE: NUMBER OF PATHOGENS DECLINE
CONVALESCENCE: TISSUE REPAIR, RETURN TO HEALTH
FACTORS THAT SUPPORT HOST DEFENSES
ADEQUATE NUTRITION
BALANCED HYGIENE
REST/EXERCISE
REDUCING STRESS
IMMUNIZATION
Active Listening (SOLAR)
S- Sit facing the patient
O –Observe an open posture (nurse demonstrates it)
L – Lean toward the patient
E – Establish and maintain intermittent eye contact
R-Relax
O2 Sats
95-100% on Room Air
Classification of Infections (location and duration)
Local
systemic
and
acute
chronic
latent
what is medical asepsis
A STATE OF CLEANLINESS THAT DECREASES THE POTENTIAL FOR THE SPREAD OF INFECTIONS”
Therapeutic Communication Techniques
Summarizing
Use of touch
what is a Pulse Deficit
is the difference between the apical pulse and the radial pulse.