Joints
Why do we have different types of joints?
Different structure = Different function
Define the word "articulation".
A place where two bones join, or a joint.
What's the purpose of a synovial joint? Provide examples of some of them.
Purpose: Allow for smooth movements between adjacent bones. Ex. the knees
Where are the transverse foramen and what do they act as?
Name the types of synovial joint.
1. Gliding (plane)
2. Pivot
3. Hinge
4. Condyloid/ Condylar (ellipsoid)
- Saddle
5. Ball-and-socket
Name the three structural types of joints.
1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial
Define the word "symphysis".
A joint where the body of one bone joins with the body of another.
What fluid fills the synovial joint cavity?
Synovial fluid.
What is the thoracic cage made up of? What does it protect?
The thoracic cage is made up of the 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilage, and the sternum. It protects vital organs like your heart and lungs.
What's happening when muscles shorten?
There is movement at the joint.
What's the purpose of fibrous joints? Name the three different subtypes.
Purpose: To form a strong connection between bones.
Types:
1. Sutures
2. Gomphosis (periodontal ligament)
3. Syndesmosis
What's the scientific name for a singular finger?
Phalanx.
What's the purpose of synovial fluid?
Synovial fluid provides:
- Lubrication for the joint to move without friction
- Removal of debris in the case of injury
- Nourishment for the joint to keep it strong & well-functioning
On which bone can the ondontoid process be found?
The axis.
Where can the "double condyloid" synovial joint be found? Can we find this anywhere else in the body?
The double condyloid joint is only found in the thumb.
What's the purpose of cartilaginous joints? Provide examples of them.
Purpose: Middle tier of maneuverability, offers more flexibility than a fibrous joint but less than a synovial joint.
Examples: Hyaline cartilage of a long bone, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs.
The prominent expanded end of a bone, sometimes rounded.
What makes up the articular capsule of a synovial joint?
Dense connective tissue.
Which bone of the arm is found on the pinky side and which is found on the thumb side?
Pinky- Ulna
Thumb- Radius
What movements do gliding joints allow for?
Slight movement in all directions. Ex. Clavicle-scapula and carpal-carpal
What kinds of cartilage can make up cartilaginous joints? What are their characteristics?
Hyaline cartilage: Frim & flexible. Ex. Costal cartilage of ribs
Fibrocartilage: Stronger than hyaline cartilage, but provides more compression. Ex. Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
What's the name for a smooth, flat, slightly concave/ convex articular surface?
A facet.
What lines the outsides of bones in a synovial joint?
A thin layer of articular cartilage.
We have 12 pairs of ribs- 24 ribs in total.
Vertebrosternal: 1-7
Vertebrochondral: 8-10
Floating Ribs: 11 & 12
What movements do pivot joints allow for?
Rotation along the longitudinal axis. Ex. atlas- axis