language
what is expressive language
ability to convey meaning
sensory systems
seeing, hearing (sign language vs spoken)
parietal lobe
sensorimotor control, execution, planning, and monitoring of writing
principles and parameters
Chomsky argued that language acquisition is based on an innate (inborn) structure in the human brain: the Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
principles- rules that apply to all Langs
parameters- rules specific to a lang
support- recast and expand children's sentences that are errored and/or incomplete
themes in prelinguistic communication
perception before production, serve and return, contingent responses
what is receptive language
the understanding of spoken language, sometimes referred to as auditory comprehension
speech mechanism
throat, mouth, respiratory system, hands for signing
involved in motor movements and cognitive functions, includes Broca's area (ability to produce words fluently)
prefrontal: working memory, decision making, executive functions
premotor: planning and executing movements
motor: voluntary (deliberate) movement
social interaction theory
Children’s language acquisition emerges through social interaction and experience with language used in the external environment
zone of proximal development, scaffolding
support- reinforce desire, seeking interaction w other people
stages of vocal development
cooing, laughter, marginal babbling, reduplicated babbling, variegated babbling, jargon
motor strength and coordination
need strength to lift up jaw and coordination to move jaw/tongue at same time to say sounds
temporal lobe
auditory processing
wernicke's area- auditory comprehension
Heschl's gyrus- processing linguistic info, hearing distinctions among speech sounds
cognitive
Based on the idea that language acquisition and cognition are connected (Piaget, 1954)
Schemas (psychological structures) allow children to understand the meaning of things in their environment
play is essential in learnings
support- provide ops for play
joint attention
infant attending to two stimuli
cognitive
learn, pay attention, socialize with others
occipital lobe
interprets visual info, visual-spatial
includes primary visual cortex
emergentism
Language ability is the product of interactions between the language environment and the learning capabilities of the child” (Poll, 2011)
Language is acquired through the “emergent” effect of these factors:
Cognition
Social interaction
Pragmatic skills
Attention skills
supports- engage child in preferred activities and interests
theory of mind
the ability to interpret and understand another person's mental state, intent, beliefs, desires, and knowledge
adequate input
need things coming in (hear if spoken, see if signed)
how to know if a gesture has communicative intent
look at the form and function, typically develops around 10 months