Lesson 5
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
How algae is classified.
By pigments.
A clear zone on a bacterial lawn caused by virus infection is called this.
What is a plaque?
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration is called this.
What is osmosis?
This biological catalyst speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
What is an enzyme?
Reduces the number of pathogens on inanimate surfaces.
What is disinfection?
Fungi contain ____ in their membrane and ____ in their cell walls.
What is Ergosterol and chitin.
This enzyme converts viral RNA into DNA for insertion into the host genome.
What is reverse transcriptase (found in retroviruses like HIV)?
Microorganisms that are cold temp lovers 15-20C are called:
What is Psychrophiles?
All three types of respiration begin with this metabolic pathway.
What is glycolysis?
In a Kirby-Bauer test, this clear area shows inhibition of growth.
What is the zone of inhibition?
This is the cause of malaria.
What is plasmodium vivax?
Lysogenic conversion can make bacteria more pathogenic by adding toxin genes. Name one disease caused this way.
What are diphtheria, cholera, or botulism?
Microorganisms that use oxygen when present but do not require it are called:
What are facultative anaerobes?
These two coenzymes act as electron carriers in the Kreb’s Cycle.
What are NAD⁺ and FAD?
UV radiation kills microbes by creating these mutations.
What are thymine dimers?
A mosquito is this type of vector, while a housefly is this type.
What are biological and mechanical vectors?
The two main classes of drugs used to treat HIV and how they work.
What are reverse transcriptase inhibitors (block viral DNA synthesis) and protease inhibitors (block viral protein processing)?
Microorganisms that survive in oxygen have which two enzymes?
What are superoxide dismutase and catalase?
In the electron transport chain, this enzyme uses the energy from the proton gradient to make ATP.
What is ATP synthase?
What happens if you don’t complete antibiotic therapy?
Surviving resistant bacteria multiply and cause reinfection.
Helminths with separate sexes and their own digestive tracts are known as:
What are round worms (nematodes)?
This term describes the visible damage viruses cause to host cells in culture.
What is cytopathic effect (CPE)?
Microorganisms that grow best at very low levels of oxygen are called:
What are Microaerophiles?
This inhibitor changes the shape of an enzyme’s active site by binding somewhere else.
What is a noncompetitive (allosteric) inhibitor?
Four methods to prevent drug resistance:
a. Complete antibiotic course
b. Avoid unnecessary prescriptions
c. Use narrow-spectrum drugs
d. Prevent infections (hygiene/vaccines)