Membrane Functions & Structural Models
Membrane-Associated Lipids & Proteins
Membrane Transport: Simple & Facilitated Diffusion
Membrane Transport: Active Transport
Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi Apparatus
100

This structure, composed of a double layer of phospholipids, is impermeable to water and defines the boundaries of cells and internal structures

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

100

These interactions allow for the phospholipid bilayers "fluidity" as described in the "fluid mosaic model"

What are hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions or amphipathic interactions?

100

Simple and facilitated diffusion involves the movement of molecules in this direction

What is the movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration?

100

Osmosis involves the movement of water in this direction

What is lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration?

100

This interconnected system of membranes within the cell is involved in protein synthesis, processing, and sorting, with vesicles traveling between its separate structures

What is the endomembrane system?

200

Receptor proteins and vesicles released from within the cell allow for membranes to facilitate this process

What is transmission and receiving of signals?

200

This is how we can identify an Omega-3 fatty acid

What is the C=C double bond at the 3rd C position from the Omega end?

200

This type of diffusion allows solutes to move down their concentration gradient unassisted, while its counterpart uses proteins to regulate solute flow across the membrane

What is simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion, respectively?

200

The Sodium-Potassium pump is an example of this kind of transport protein

What is a couple transport protein or more specifically and active antiporter coupled transport protein?

200

This component of the endomembrane system is responsible for protein biosynthesis and processing (assembly of protein complexes, addition of carbohydrate groups, etc.)

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
300

These molecules located on cellular membranes allow for sensing and interaction with other cells

What are cell adhesion molecules?

300

This class of lipids are what blood antigens belong to

What are glycolipids or more specifically sphingoglycolipids?

300

Generally, this is how we can describe an electrochemical gradient

What is a solute gradient across a cell membrane made of both physical concentrations of solute on either side, AND the gradient caused by non-equivalent distribution of (+) and (-) charged molecules such as ions and proteins?

300

This is why we say that the Sodium-Potassium pump helps maintain a dis-equilibrium of solutes

What is the net negative charge that results from the sodium-potassium pump? Recall: There is the movement of 3 Na+ to the outside the cell and the movement of 2 K+ inside the cell

300

The sarcoplasmic reticulum found in muscle cells stores this and allows for the eventual contraction of muscle fibers once released

What are Ca2+ ions?

400

Generally, these molecules can readily diffuse across membranes

What are small, nonpolar, lipid-soluble molecules?

400

This class of lipid serves as structural support for the phospholipid bilayer

What are sterols?

400

This is a type of carrier protein that transports glucose into the cell where the concentration of glucose is lower

What is GLUT1?

400

This is the main function of ATPase's

What is the breaking of high-energy phosphate bonds? 

Recall: this results in protein changing shape allowing for the movement of solutes/ions/molecules

400

This family of proteins found in the smooth er transfer -OH groups make them more hydrophilic making it much easier for these molecules to interact with water and therefore be flushed out of the kidney

What are Cytochrome P450 (CYP) proteins?

500

In capillaries, these proteins serve as a class of cell-adhesion molecules that help maintain integrity and function

*Recall capillaries are super thin (1 cell thick)

What are cadherin proteins?

500

This is how we can describe the chemical makeup of a sterol

What is a phospholipid associated with cholesterol via a hydrogen bond?

500

This kind of inhibitor results in kinetics that show an increase in substrate concentration cannot overcome the effect of the inhibitor

What is noncompetitive inhibition?

500

Indirect active transport couples the movement of 2 solute particles in which direction

What is the movement of one molecule moving down its concentration gradient (from established gradient as a result of active transport) and the movement of the other molecule against its concentration gradient?

500

The addition of branching sugar groups added to amino acid residues serve as “tags” that help ER and Golgi know where to move proteins


What is glycosylation? 

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