Privacy & Doctrine
Legal doctrine stating there is no expectation of privacy in information voluntarily provided to others.
What is the third-party doctrine?
A legal rule that bars unlawfully obtained evidence from being used in court proceedings.
What is the exclusionary rule?
The forceful detention of a person, or the perception that a person is not free to leave the immediate vicinity.
What is custody?
The examination of a person’s body, property, or other area that the person would reasonably expect to consider as private.
What is a search?
This law enforcement operational strategy focuses on maintaining a visible police presence to deter crime.
What is preventive patrol?
Objects in plain view of a law enforcement agent who has the right to be in a position to see them may be seized without a warrant.
What is the plain view doctrine?
Any physical or verbal evidence that police are able to acquire by using illegally obtained evidence.
What is the fruit of the poisoned tree?
The questioning of a detained person by the police in connection with a criminal investigation.
What is custodial interrogation?
A law-enforcement officer’s taking of property from a person suspected of violating or known to have violated the law.
What is a seizure?
This law enforcement operational strategy involves analyzing issues and developing solutions to reduce crime and disorder.
What is problem solving?
An officer must have lawfully arrived at the place from which she perceived the item to be seized.
What is prior valid intrusion?
Illegally obtained evidence can be admissible in court if police using lawful means would have inevitably discovered it.
What is the inevitable discovery exception?
A stop initiated for a minor violation, but actually aimed at investigating another crime.
What is a pretextual stop?
The use of legal authority to deprive a person of their freedom of movement.
What is an arrest?
This fire department operational strategy focuses on controlling and extinguishing active fires.
What is fire suppression?
In common law, the land immediately surrounding a house or dwelling, including closely associated buildings, but excluding open fields.
What is curtilage?
Evidence obtained with a technically invalid search warrant is admissible if police acted honestly in obtaining it.
What is the good faith exception?
A pat-down or minimal search by police to discover weapons.
What is a frisk?
A reasonable ground for supposing that a charge is well-founded.
What is probable cause?
This EMS operational strategy involves providing medical care and stabilizing patients at the scene before transport.
What is on-scene treatment?
Requires prosecutors to disclose materially exculpatory evidence in the government’s possession to the defense.
What is the Brady Rule?
Evidence tending to excuse, justify, or absolve the alleged fault or guilt of a defendant.
What is exculpatory evidence?
The careful watching of a person or place, especially by the police, because of a crime that has happened or is expected.
What is surveillance?
A general search warrant issued by superior provincial courts to assist the British government in enforcing trade and navigation laws during colonial times.
What are writs of assistance?
This corrections operational strategy allows an inmate to serve the remainder of their sentence in the community under supervision, typically as a reward for good behavior.
What is parole?