Constitutional Law
The freedoms enumerated in the First Amendment
What is speech, religion, press, assembly and petition?
An agreement between parties, creating mutual obligations that are enforceable by law
What is a contract?
A party against whom an appeal is taken. Their role is to respond to that appeal, and they usually want to affirm (or keep) the lower court’s decision.
What is Appellee?
The practice of negotiating with a defendant and their attorney concerning the terms of a guilty plea
What is plea bargaining?
The first major international law treaty following World War II
What is the United Nations Charter?
The number of amendments to the Constitution
How many is 27?
The trading of a company’s securities by individuals with access to confidential or material non-public information about the company
What is insider trading?
"For this purpose only"
You have the right to remain silent, anything you say can be used against you in court, you have the right to an attorney, if you cannot afford an attorney one will be provided for you at no cost
What are the Miranda Warnings?
International law allows unilateral use of force in self-defense if this occurs
What is an armed attack?
The publication that courts defer to for interpreting original intent and meaning of the Constitution
In the context of a contract, this consists of a valid offer and acceptance
What is mutual assent?
"To stand by things decided," the court should follow its own decisions
What is stare decisis?
An order by a federal court to "bring the body" of the prisoner to the court
What is habeas corpus?
The Treaty on Treaties
What is the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties?
The clause that articulates federal law always takes precedence over any conflicting state law
What is the Supremacy Clause?
(Article VI, Paragraph 2)
This fiduciary duty requires the directors to place the interests of the company and the shareholders before any of their personal interests
What is the fiduciary duty of loyalty?
“To be informed of.” A writ seeking review of a lower court decision by a higher court.
What is certiorari?
The hearing at which the defendant is notified of the charges against her; usually occurs shortly after arrest
What is arraignment?
Three customary principles that protects civilians from direct and indirect attacks in an armed conflict
What are the Principles of Distinction, Proportionality, and Indiscriminate Attacks?
The three Constitutional Requirements for standing
What is Injury in Fact, Causation, and Redressability?
The business entity where partners are only responsible for their own negligence or malpractice, and no one is legally responsible for anyone else's mistakes.
What is an LLP?
Limited Liability Partnership
"The thing speaks for itself,” a doctrine of law that one is presumed to be negligent if a party had exclusive control of whatever caused the injury even though there is no specific evidence of an act of negligence, and without negligence the accident would not have happened
What is Res Ipsa Loquitur?
A crime that requires the fear of imminent harm or actual physical harm
What is assault?
There are peremptory norms of international law, from which no derogations are allowed and which can never be altered even with the consent of the States
What is jus cogens?