The Jury
The amount of discretion a jury have in interpreting evidence and establishing the facts of a case.
What is virtually unlimited?
Extraordinary probation requirements and quid pro quo services are two of five different examples of this kind of plea bargaining.
What is ad hoc plea bargaining?
For evidence to be admissible in court, it must have these two qualities.
What is relevant and competent?
According to classical crim theorists, in order for laws and punishment to deter potential offenders they should be: _________, ___________, and ___________
What are severe, certain, and swift (celerity)?
The two types of challenges an attorney can use to disqualify a potential juror.
What is peremptory and challenge for cause?
The verdict in the trial of John Peter Zenger is an example of this:
What is jury nullification?
This state banned plea bargaining.
What is Alaska?
The estimated percentage of cases that are wrongful convictions.
What is 3.3 percent?
A student’s friend is arrested, convicted, and sentenced for shoplifting. Later, that student, although tempted, decides not to shoplift, remembering what happened to his friend. This is a classic example of -
What is general deterrence?
The process of questioning potential jurors to assess if they would be impartial for a potential case.
What is voir dire?
the name of the process that occurred during the Middle Ages in which a defendant would perform some dangerous task to prove his or her innocence?
What is trial by ordeal?
Under this charging policy, prosecutors file charges in any situation where the legal elements of a crime are present
What is legal sufficiency?
When evidence is weak, this hypothesis refers to situations where jurors tend to allow personal biases and other irrelevant considerations to cloud their judgment/
What is the liberation hypothesis?
The utilitarian punishment justification that states the punishment should be sufficient to outweigh the benefits of the crime.
What is deterrence?
This decision resulted in a moratorium (a pause) on the death penalty in the 70s.
The name for the group of individuals who report for jury duty at a given time is the ______.
What is the venire?
Two pretrial motions related to evidence.
What are motion for discovery, motion for suppression.
Under this system, convicted persons can earn "good time credits" to reduce the length of their sentence.
What are determinant sentencing systems?
Compelled by a US Supreme Court decision, this state developed the Public Safety Realignment policy, which transferred some prisoners to county-level control and allowed the release of certain non-violent offenders.
What is California?
This type of evidence requires juries to make inferences about what it means as it relates to the facts of a case.
What is circumstantial evidence?
In this Supreme Court case, the court unanimously agreed that the minimum size for a jury is 6.
What is Ballew v. Georgia?
The court case that established the right for the defense to receive exculpatory evidence during discovery.
What is Brady v. Maryland (1970)?
Two key amendments intended to protect defendants during a trial as it relates to testimonial evidence.
What are the 5th and 6th amendments?
Three revisions to death penalty laws that brought them into alignment with the constitution (according to the Supreme court).
What are bifurcated trials, guided discretion, and automatic appeals processes?
These case processing attributes have been linked to sentencing severity.
Type of disposition (plea v. trial), whether the defendant is detained pretrial. There are also some differences related to public/private attorneys, but this is likely overlapping with detainment/pleas.