U3, AoS1
Standard of Proof in a Criminal Case
Beyond Reasonable Doubt
Party that has the burden of proof in a Civil case
Plaintiff
The 2 houses of the Commonwealth Parliament
House of Representatives & Senate
One way INDIVIDUALS or groups can influence law reform
- Petitions
- Demonstrations
- Use of the courts
Largest mammal
Blue whale
Specialisation and appeals
Definition of class actions
A legal proceeding in which a group of seven or more people who have a claim against the same person based on similar or related facts bring that claim to court in the name of one person
3 law-making powers of the state and Commonwealth parliaments
Exclusive, Concurrent and Residual powers
One recent inquiry of the VLRC
Stalking
What continent has the highest population?
Asia
3 rights of an accused
Right to be tried without unreasonable delay, the right to silence, the right to trial by jury
Provide 3 types of remedies
Damages - Specific or general
Injunctions - Restrictive or mandatory
What does FRODD stand for
Following, Reversing, Overruling, Distinguishing and Disapproving
What is the usual way VLRC will begin a new inquiry?
The Attorney-General will give the VLRC a terms of reference
Who is Ms. Ho's best teacher friend
Ms Raynes
5 purposes of sanctions
Rehabilitation, punishment, deterrence (general and specific), denunciation and protection
Identify and explain a factor that impacts on the achievement of the principles of justice in a civil case
Costs - how it impacts FEA
Time - how it impacts FEA
Features of the relationship between courts and parliament
- Supremacy of parliament
- Ability of courts to influence parliament
- Codification of common law
- Abrogation of common law
3 processes a Royal Commission can use during the inquiry
•Preparing consultation, research or background papers to provide information and form the basis for discussion
•Undertake consultation sessions to gain input, views and opinions from a range of individuals and organisations that have an interest in the area being investigated
•Seek community input via submissions
•Obtain documents that are relevant to the subject matter
•Hold public hearings to gather evidence relevant to the terms of reference
Ankara
Discuss the appropriateness of plea negotiations (4 marks)
•Why would it be appropriate, e.g. if the prosecution’s case was stronger, the offender is willing to cooperate
•Why it wouldn’t be appropriate, e.g. if the accused is not willing, if the party is self-represented
Identify and explain one factor to consider before initiating a civil claim
Costs, limitation of actions and enforcement issues
- Separation of powers
- express protection of rights
What are the 2 referendums about First Nations people
1967 & 2023
Who invented the original phone?
Alexander Graham Bell