Play
A form of recreation commonly defined as enjoyable, consisting of spontaneous activities participated in for their own sake. What term is described?
Play
The primary motivation of play is to expend energy. What theory of play is described?
The surplus energy theory
Assumes that skills are learned, not instinctual, and that play teaches them
What is the theory of this play?
Learning theory
Provide examples of unhealthy leisure patterns
Drugs, alcohol, fast food, etc.
Give an example of commercial and private enterprise recreation
Travel and tourism
Self-directed activities
Entertainment
Instructional services
Recreational equipment
An example of Agon is?
Boxing, any competition where there must be a winner
Play is used to restore or recreate energy and feel rejuvenated afterwards.
What theory of play is described?
The Recreation theory
What is theory?
Explanation of service or term. Sometimes a theoretical explanation like a diagram.
Despite knowledge about the benefits of physical activity, much of our leisure activity continues to be highly sedentary in nature. Why?
Most popular activities include TV, socializing, and computers
Is leisure one of, if not the largest, industry in the US?
Explain
Some data indicates that annual spending on recreation and leisure accounts for 2.4 trillion dollars
The largest area of this spending is in travel and tourism
The leisure services industry has a wide variety of available careers
An example of Alea is?
Dice game, gambling, casino, horse race
The purpose of play is to relax and lower stress levels.
What is the name of this play theory?
The relaxation theory
Motivated by the desire or need to express oneself in many areas including:
Physiological structure – Permanent physical characteristics
Physiological state – Temporary physical states (sick, tired, etc.)
Psychological state – Constantly changing state of mind
Physical environment – The world surrounding the individual at that time
Social environment – What other people are in contact with the individual
Name the play theory
Self-expression theory
Is leisure still stratified by gender?
Explain who has more leisure in modern time and why?
Despite the best efforts of the women’s rights movement, leisure is still stratified by gender with men averaging five more hours of leisure time per week
Explain Nash’s Pyramid of Leisure
Nash arranges leisure experiences in a hierarchy. The lower levels are less valued in society than others
Think of leisure acts that exemplify the following categories:
Acts performed against society
Retardation of self-development
Simple amusement and entertainment
Emotional participation
Active participation
Creativity
An example of Illinx
Swing, Speed car, Roller coaster
Play is caused by the transference to leisure of behaviors rewarded at work.
How do we call this play theory?
Generalization theory
Play is a positive, safe outlet for the release of pent-up emotions.
Name the play theory
Catharsis theory
Leisure behavior is explained as an attempt to attain an optimal level of arousal.
Arousal refers to both physiological and psychological stimulation
Different people have different arousal needs, and this accounts for much of the variation in leisure behaviors
Which term in relation to the flow is described?
Optimal arousal
Explain Maslow’s (1971) Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow states that humans have a set of needs arranged in order of importance. Higher needs can only be met once lower needs have been. For each of the following, how can leisure facilitate meeting these needs?
Physiological
Safety needs
Love and belongingness
Self-esteem
Self-actualization
An example of Mimicry
Carnival, festival, theatre
Leisure meets needs that are not met through work or other activities.
What is the name of this play theory?
The compensation theory
Play is done to practice behaviors needed for survival (war games, child care)
Name this play theory
Instinct practice theory
An optimal psychological state, experienced during an activity when things are going well, where participation is almost automatic and effortless, yet characterized by a highly focused state of consciousness
Menninger’s Categorization of Hobbies and Interests
Explain the idea Menninger used in mental health
Explored the use of recreation in treating mental illness
Play provides an area for “miniature victories”
Categories of psychological needs and leisure activities
Tension release
Creating feelings of security
Mental stimulation
Release of aggressive impulses
Eliminating feelings of inferiority or superiority
Emotional involvement
Social involvement