Experimental Design
Identify the independent variable: In a study on the effects of caffeine on heart rate, the amount of caffeine consumed is varied in each experimental group. The control group has no coffee consumption.
amount of caffeine consumed
A plant cell is exposed to sunlight and begins to use light energy to make food in the form of glucose. This process happens in an organelle found only in plant cells. Question: Which organelle is responsible in this process?
Chloroplasts
This molecule carries genetic information.
What is DNA? **Nucleus is a structure! Not a molecule
Scenario: Forensic scientists need to identify a suspect in a crime scene. They extract DNA from hair found at the scene and compare it to the suspect’s sample using a technique that separates DNA fragments by size.
What is the name of this technique?
Gel electrophoresis
This is the process by which organisms with beneficial traits survive and reproduce over other organisms in their species.
Natural Selection
Identify the hypothesis: John hypothesizes that if he increases the amount of water a plant receives, the plant will grow taller. He sets up an experiment to test this idea.
If the plant gets more water then the plant will grow taller (some variation of such--> must use If...then...).
A muscle cell is working hard during exercise, and it begins to require more energy. The cell needs to produce more ATP to fuel its activities.
Question: Which organelle is responsible for producing the ATP needed by the muscle cell?
Mitochondria
Scenario: A researcher studying inherited diseases finds that a single letter change in a person's DNA sequence causes a genetic disorder. This change leads to an incorrectly shaped protein that affects normal function.
What process is responsible for this change?
Mutation-->Substitution (not required for answer)
Scenario 3: A scientist wants to create bacteria that produce insulin for diabetic patients. They insert the human insulin gene into bacterial DNA so that the bacteria will make the insulin protein.
Identify the process as your answer.
Recombinant DNA OR Genetic Engineering
Similar bone structures in different species suggest a common ________.
Common Ancestry/Ancestor
Identify the control group: During a study on the effect of different fertilizers on plant growth, Plant A + Plant B are set in different groups. Plant B is designed so the plants receive no fertilizer. It is used as a comparison group to see the impact of the fertilizer.
Plant B's Group
Scenario 3: You’re in a lab and notice that there’s a significant temperature drop. Your body works to adjust, increasing heat production and maintaining a stable internal temperature, even though the outside temperature has changed.
Question: What process is your body using to maintain its stable internal conditions?
Homeostasis--> Negative Feedback also acceptable
This type of reproduction results in identical offspring
Asexual Reproduction/ Mitosis
What is used to cut DNA at specific sequences for Gel Electrophoresis
Restrictive Enzyme (will accept Enzyme alone)
A species not able to adapt to a changing environment may face this.
Extinction
Identify the controlled variables: Sarah is conducting a clinical trial to test a new drug. She makes sure that all participants are of similar age and health condition, and everyone receives the same amount of food and exercise during the study.
Controlled variables have to stay the same in an experiment.
(must say ALL listed): all participants must 1. be of similar age 2. be of similar health condition, and 3. receives the same amount of food and 4. same amount of exercise during the study.
Scenario 4: A plant cell is receiving water from the environment, and the water is absorbed across the cell membrane, following the concentration gradient, without the use of energy.
Question: What term describes this movement of water across the cell membrane?
I know yall forgot about OSMOSIS!!!
This process leads to variation in sexually reproducing organisms.
Organisms that have DNA from a different species inserted into their genome are called this.
GMOs
Adaptations happen because of changes in the ________________.
What is the environment?
Identify the controlled variables: During a plant growth experiment, all plants are kept in the same environment with similar soil and water levels, except for the variable being tested, which is the amount of light exposure.
Controlled variables have to stay the same in an experiment.
(must say ALL listed): all participants must 1. be of similar age 2. be of similar health condition, and 3. receives the same amount of food and 4. same amount of exercise during the study.
Why is the cell membrane is described as “selectively permeable"?
The cell membrane regulates what is and what is not allowed to enter the cell
N (NOT 2N)
This type of technology allows scientists to edit genes and has raised ethical concerns.
CRISPR Gene Editing
Explain how adaptations help a species survive over many generations, even if the environment changes.
Must Include one of the three statements:
1. Traits that increase survival or reproduction become more common
2. The environment influences which traits are helpful
3. Over time this leads to changes in the species.