Vocabulary
The complete disappearance of a species
extinction
A heritable trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
Adaptation
The process by which humans breed organisms for certain characteristics
Artificial Selection
Giraffes that have very long necks survive a dry season by eating leaves from the tops of trees, then breed more successfully. This scenario describes this
Directional selection
This part of natural selection is shown when sea turtles produce 60 eggs, but only 20 of those eggs live to reproduce
Overproduction
A group of organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring
species
The process where organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass those advantageous traits to their offspring.
Natural selection
If polar bears do not have adaptations to survive the rapid melting of Arctic ice, this may happen to the species
become extinct
This type of selection occurs when small lizards die out because they cannot defend territories, large lizards are eaten by owls, and only medium sized lizards survive
Stabilizing selection
A jaguar having a slightly different sized jaw compared to others in its population is an example of this fundamental condition needed for selection
Or just variation
The differences in traits that exist among individuals of the same species, which can be physical or behavioral.
Variation
At the zoo, Anya observes that individuals of a certain kangaroo species have slightly different sizes and colors, which is this characteristic of populations
Variation
A species of bears developing thicker fur to survive the cold is an example of what?
adaptation
This type of selection occurs when lizards with small heads prey upon small and medium sized adult cockroaches, allowing only the very largest cockroaches to survive and reproduce.
The process where environmental conditions choose which traits are passed down, such as when jaguars with bigger jaws thrive and reproduce while small-jawed ones struggle.
selection
A random change in an organism's DNA, which is the fundamental source of new genetic variation
mutation
Ronald observed this process, a part of natural selection, when observing a sparrow’s nest in a shrub outside his home
Overproduction
On an island, lizards with very long and very short tails thrive, while lizards with medium length tails die. This shows what type of selection?
Disruptive selection
The time over which changes occur is a big difference between natural and artificial selection, with changes occurring much more quickly under this human-driven process
Artificial selection
The process of gradual change in the inherited traits of a population over successive generations.
Evolution
True or False: adaptation can occur within an individuals lifetime
False
This type of selection is illustrated when black and white rabbits survive because of camouflage, but the intermediate gray rabbits are selected against
Disruptive selection