Vocabulary
The rights guaranteed b the Constitution to all people, especially equal treatment under the law
Civil Rights
A change to the Constitution, ratified in 1868, granting citizenship to anyone born in the Uited States and guaranteeing all individuals equal protection of the law
14th Amendment
-Black men began to vote and hold office.
-Radical Republicans passed the Civil Rights Act, passed the Fourteenth Amendment, and set up new state governments.
-Federal troops were sent into the South.
Congressional Reconstruction
A secret organization of White men that usually met at night and used violence and fear to maintain control of Black people
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
An agency established by Congress at the end of the Civil War to help and protect newly freed black Americans
Freedmen's Bureau
A change to the Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolishing slavery in the United States
13th Amendment
-Federal troops were removed from the South.
-A law allowed former Confederates to vote and hold office again.
End of Reconstruction
The outcome of President Johnson's impeachment:
President Johnson was put on trial in Congress but was not removed from office.
The period after the Civil War in which Southern states were rebuilt and brought back into the Union
Reconstruction
A change to the Constitution, ratified in 1870, declaring that the states cannot deny anyone the right to vote because of race or color or because the person was once enslaved
-Southern states had to pass the Thirteenth Amendment to be readmitted to the Union.
-The Black Codes were passed.
Presidential Reconstruction
What happened after the Election of 1876 that cause the end of Reconstruction?
Federal Troops were pulled from the South
Laws enforcing segregation of Black and White people in the South after the Civil War
Jim Crow Laws
-All people born in the United States are citizens.
-All people must be protected equally by the law, and laws can't be written to favor or leave out one group.
-People who go through the naturalization process are citizens.
14th Amendment
Beginning: Black Americans were hopeful that they would get equal rights, better jobs, and learn to read.
Middle: Black Americans were voting in elections and holding public office.
End: Black Americans were kept from voting by poll taxes, literacy tests, and threats. They were separated from White Southerners in almost every area of life.
Reconstruction for Black Americans
The main problem between President Andrew Johnson and Congress:
President Johnson vetoed many acts of Congress that were designed to help people who had been freed from slavery.
Laws passed in 1865 and 1866 in the former Confederate states to limit the rights and freedoms of African Americans
Black Codes
Daily Double: The most successful achievement of the Freedmen's Bureau
Set up schools in the South
Beginning: White Southerners agreed to make slavery illegal but tried to bring most of it back with the Black Codes.
Middle: White Southerners were not allowed to vote if they had participated in the Confederate government and became very angry. They also resented federal troops being in their states.
End: White Southerners were back in control of their state governments and had figured out ways to keep control over Black Americans
Reconstruction for White Southerners
-Passing Jim Crow laws
-Getting themselves elected to public office again
-Frightening African Americans so that they would not try to vote or try to get an education or a better job
Ways that White Southerners regained control toward the end of Reconstruction