Chain of Infection
What is the definition of the Chain of Infection?
The sequence of events that leads to the transmission and spread of an infectious disease.
What is an unintentional injury?
An injury that are not inflicted purposely and that occur without intent of harm
What are some examples of communicable diseases?
HIV, common cold, malaria, cholera, ebola, Hepatitis, COVID-19, STDs, Avian flu
What is the definition of non-communicable diseases?
A chronic health condition that cannot be passed from one person to another
What are some examples of fomites?
Cell phones, furniture, doorknobs, medical equipment, toys, clothing/bedding, utensils
Which object contains more bacteria: a cell phone or a toilet?
A cell phone
Why is it difficult for low and middle income countries to get their injuries treated?
They don't have all the resources (hospitals, medical equipment, etc) like developed countries/wealthy countries
What are the sources of communicable diseases?
Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Parasites
What are some preventions on non-communicable diseases?
Healthier lifestyle, avoiding tobacco/alcohol/drugs, healthier diet, and prioritizing sleep
You put on gloves before bandaging a wound of a patient. Which link of the Chain of Infection is this?
Mode of Transmission
A chef had caught the flu, but still had to go to work. There were no more gloves left, so he had to make food with his bare hands. What link is this in the Chain of Infection?
Mode of Transmission
Which type of death is among the top 20 leading causes of death worldwide?
Suicide
What diseases does the WHO track?
Influenza, Diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria
What does treatment do to non-communicable diseases?
Treatment slows down the symptoms
Sexual assault, physical abuse, domestic violence, economic abuse, emotional violence, child abuse, neglect
Name the Links of the Chain of Infection in order
Infectious Agent, Reservoir, Portal of exit, Mode of Transmission, Portal of entry, and Susceptible host
What are the three categories of intentional injuries?
Self-inflicted, interpersonal, and collective injuries
What is another term for Influenza?
H1N1
What are the four most common and deadliest non-communicable diseases, and some key points of these diseases?
Cardiovascular disease - kills more people than any other cause, physical activity/healthy lifestyle lessen the risks of this disease
Respiratory disease - Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children, the most common and serious respiratory disease are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cancer - some cancers are due to genetics, the older one gets the most at risk they are for cancer
Diabetes Type 1/Type 2 - Onset is usually in childhood or early teenage years, exact cause is unknown, and its a lifelong condition, type 2 can be cause by excessive weight and lack of physical activity
Suppose there is a couple in a relationship. The man tends to assault his girlfriend/wife even when she tells him that she does not want to partake in that. What type of violence is this?
What are some ways to break the chain of infection? (Try naming all or as many as possible)
(Hint: there are eight of them)
Hand washing, good hygiene, proper environmental cleaning, personal protective equipment (PPE), vaccination, isolating infected individuals, disinfecting equipment, and staying home when sick
Name two things the WHO supports to reduce unintentional injuries.
Educating the public about ways to reduce these risks (ex: installing handrails for staircases), and promoting childproofing measures
What are the six different types of modes of transmissions and their definitions
Direct Contact - Contact with an infected person/infected person's bodily fluids
Airborne - Breathing Contaminated Air
Vectorborne - Spread by an animal or insect, usually the bite of an infected insect
Food-borne and waterborne - Eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water
Mother to child - Passed from a pregnant woman to her baby during pregnancy, delivery, or through breast milk
Fomite - An object or substance that can transmit disease
What are some reasons the percentage of deaths due to NCDs worldwide is going up?
Low-income countries, not being able to work due to NCDs, being exposed to tobacco, spending more money on costs associated
What is the second leasing cause of death in children under the age of five?
Diarrheal diseases