Lesson 4 Blue Print Section

Interpret arterial blood gas results

100

A complication of diabetes where the body produces high levels of blood acids (ketones).

DKA-Kussmauling (respiratory acidosis)

200

A deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, as seen in DKA.

Kussmaul breathing

300

A condition where the body produces too much acid or the kidneys can't remove enough acid.

Metabolic acidosis

400

Includes conditions like abdominal fistulas, acute renal failure, and hypovolemic shock

metabolic acidosis

500

Treatment 1: Administer insulin drip to control blood sugar levels and correct acidosis.

Treatment 2: Administer bicarbonate as prescribed, closely monitor EKG for abnormalities, and implement fall precautions due to potential weakness or altered mental status

Problem 1: DKA-Kussmauling (respiratory acidosis, help with insulin drip)

Problem 2: Metabolic acidosis: tx = bicarb, monitor EKG, fall risk

Explain the difference between peritoneal, hemodialysis, and continuous renal replacement therapy.

100

Nursing Considerations: Requires specialized training, continuous monitoring, and is used for patients unable to tolerate standard hemodialysis.

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT):

200

Clear dialysate is used, and cloudy dialysate may indicate infection.

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)

300

Involves using the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane for waste removal. 

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)

400

2 Part Answer: 

Which type of dialysis is being administered with slow and low dialysis, suitable for critically ill patients. Involves only (Blank) of blood outside the body.

CRRT - Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)

30-50ml

500

2 part answer:

Which type of dialysis is when blood is filtered outside the body using a fistula or shunt. Involves large volumes of fluid (Blank) outside the body. 

Amount of Fluid (300-500mL)

Hemodialysis

Differentiate the various types of acute kidney injury

100

Caused by urinary tract obstructions that affect urine flow from the kidneys, leading to backflow and damage

Postrenal

200

Caused by damage to the kidney tissue itself, often due to prolonged ischemia, toxins, or infections

Intrarenal

300

Occurs due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, often resulting from issues such as dehydration, heart failure, or severe infection

Prerenal

400

Focus on improving perfusion, administering fluids, and addressing the underlying cause.

Prerenal

500

Monitor for signs of kidney damage, manage underlying causes, and provide supportive care.

Intrarenal

Part 1: Describe the etiology, laboratory findings, clinical manifestations, and nursing management of electrolyte imbalances.

100

Low sodium levels in the blood.

Hyponatremia

200

Elevated potassium levels in the blood.

Hyperkalemia

300

Low magnesium levels in the blood.

Hypomagnesemia

400

For Hyponatremia you must ____ water intake, administer _____________ based on severity.

1: Restrict

2:isotonic or hypertonic solutions 

500

For Hyperkalemia you must administer __________, monitor for ___________, and address the underlying cause.

1: diuretics

2: tall peaked T waves 

Part 2: Describe the etiology, laboratory findings, clinical manifestations, and nursing management of electrolyte imbalances.

100

High sodium levels in the blood.

Hypernatremia

200

High magnesium levels in the blood.

Hypermagnesemia

300

Calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood have what kind of relationship?

Inverse

400

For Hypokalemia you must administer _________ slowly, replace ________if necessary.

1. potassium

2.magnesium

500

Low potassium levels in the blood.

Hypokalemia