Cell Cycle + DNA Structure
DNA Replication
Protein Synthesis
Mitosis & Cytokinesis
100
What are the three events of Interphase?
Interphase is divided into 3 phases:
G1 phase is a period when cells grow and makes new proteins and organelles.
S phase – DNA replication (DNA synthesis)
- G2 phase (usually the shortest) is when many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced, cell makes new proteins.
100
What is the Principal enzyme involved in DNA replication.
DNA Polymerase
100
RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
mRNA
100
What is the part of a eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides?
Mitosis
200
When a cell arrests its cell cycle, it is said to be in:
G0 Phase
200
For a new skin cell to form, DNA replication is necessary because it ensures that the newly formed cell has which of the following?
An identical copy of the original cell’s DNA
200
What is the Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait?
A Gene
200
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
Anaphase
300
What two bases are pyrimidines?
Thymine and Cytosine
300
During DNA replication, Which enzyme is responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs?
Helicase
300
An enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence, during the process of transcription.
RNA Polymerase
300
Phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin.
Telophase
400
A Nucleotide
400
During the process of replication, a molecule of DNA unzips, forming two single strands. What makes up each individual strand of DNA?
nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone
400
What is the process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA?
Transcription
400
Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
Cytokinesis
500
DNA is a nucleic acid made up of nucleotides joined into long strands by ______________ bonds. Base pairs in the DNA molecule are held together by weak ____________ bonds.
DNA is a nucleic acid made up of nucleotides joined into long strands by COVALENT bonds. Base pairs in the DNA molecule are held together by weak HYDROGEN bonds.
500
What is the importance of enzymes that check for and repair mistakes during DNA replication?
The enzymes prevent many genetic mutations from being expressed
500
What is the three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
Codon
500
Which of the following must occur before mitosis can begin?
DNA must be replicated in the nucleus