Charting Relationships
A chart which shows several generations of related families and how traits are passed down through the offspring.
What is a pedigree?
These two proteins help muscle fibers move
What are actin and myosin?
These two cells provide the chromosomes that get passed from parents to offspring
What are sperm and egg cells?
The way an organism looks for a specific trait (Ex: Blue eyes)
What is phenotype?
This type of cow would have one partial myostatin protein and one full myostatin protein
What is a medium muscled cow?
These two shapes represent a female and male in a pedigree chart
What are a circle and square?
These muscles have more cells, larger cells, and more area than other muscles.
What are extra-large muscles?
There would be this many chromosomes in each the sperm and egg cell if a body cell had 60 chromosomes
What is 30?
The combination of alleles an organism has for a certain gene
What is a genotype?
Height would be an example of this
What is a trait?
The way we represented the different phenotypes for each individual in a pedigree chart
What is shading/coloring?
Heavily muscles cows get their muscles from this.
What are their parents?
Each section of a chromosome (represented by a different color)
What is a gene?
The location of the chromosomes in cells
What is the nucleus?
This is the phenotype the parents must have of a typically muscled cow
What is typically muscled?
The vertical (up and down) lines in a pedigree chart represent this relationship.
What is parent-offspring?
This component of the food we eat is required to build and maintain muscles (though it's not the only factor in getting big muscles!)
What is protein?
This is represented by a symbol (such as a circle or star)
What is an allele?
This is what genotype leads to in an organism
What is phenotype?
When an egg cell and a sperm cell each containing a single set of chromosomes, combine to develop into an offspring whose cells contain full sets of chromosomes.
What is sexual reproduction?
A horizontal (across) line represents this relationship in a pedigree chart
What is mated pair (parents)?
This type of exercise causes tension on the muscle fibers, which ultimately can lead to larger muscles (but it's not the only factor!)
What is resistance exercise/training?
What we call two of the same color and shaped chromosomes (the same alleles for the same genes)
What is homozygous?
Having two of this form of a protein results in a heavily muscled cow, because it can not fit correctly in the receptor.
What is partial myostatin?
This protein is the one that does the actual "grabbing" to cause out muscles to move
What is myosin?