118 Assessment of Respiratory Rate
What is the primary purpose of pulse oximetry?
To estimate the arterial O2 saturation
On the VD view, are we looking at the cranial or caudal pulmonary vessels?
caudal
What role do mast cells play in triggering asthma symptoms?
Release histamine and other mediators, leading to hyperresponsiveness
What mechanisms lead to increased vascular permeability following an injury?
Increased blood pressure and chemical mediators
How can the immunogenic part of a virus be produced for use in vaccines?
By using nucleic acids that code for viral proteins
What happens to PaCO2 during hypoventilation?
Increase
If we want the dog to lay on it's right side, what is the position?
Right lateral recumbency
How do beta 2 adrenoreceptor agonists affect airway function?
bronchodilation
What is the role of histamine in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
Histamine mediates symptoms like smooth muscle contraction and vasodilation
What is the role of cytokines produced by phagocytic cells in inflammation?
Cytokines regulate and mediate the inflammatory response
What does capnography primarily measure?
CO2 concentration in exhaled air
If we want the dog to be laying on its left side, what view are we taking?
left lateral
Which vasoactive substance is almost totally cleared by the lungs?
serotonin
What is the significance of hemolysins in bacterial infections?
Hemolysins lyse host cells to obtain nutrients
What role do lipid mediators play in the inflammatory response?
Lipid mediators promote inflammation and mediate responses like pain and fever.
What's the normal ETCO2 range in healthy animals?
35-45 mmHg
Does inspiration or expiration make the heart look bigger?
expiration
What 2 protective mechanisms are stimulated by toxic gases in the lungs?
Bronchospasm and mucus hypersecretion
How is Rotavirus primarily transmitted?
Through the fecal-oral route
What type of metamorphosis do fleas undergo in their life cycle?
Complete metamorphosis
What is the purpose of blood gas analysis?
Monitor pulmonary function and acid-base status
You are asked to take orthagonal views, what are you gonna do?
What are some common causes of airway narrowing in asthma?
Bronchoconstriction and inflammation
How do macrophages contribute to the immune defense against pathogens?
Macrophages phagocytose pathogens and activate the immune response.
What does a high sensitivity indicate about a test's ability to detect disease?
A high sensitivity indicates the test can rule out disease. (more likely to result in positives)