A View Of Life
What is biology?
The study of life
What are organic compounds?
Compounds with a C-H bond or C-C bond
What is the basic unit of life?
The Cell
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To separate the cell from its external environment
List the 4 levels of protein structure
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
What is the difference between diploid and haploid? Bonus: example of each
Diploid (2n) - 2 sets of chromosomes (any somatic cell)
Haploid (1n) - 1 set (gametes)
Name the 4 macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Lipids
What kind of cell has non-membrane bound organelles?
The prokaryote
What is mitosis?
When a parent cell transmits one copy of
every chromosome to each of its two
daughter cells
What is the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids do not have any double bonds and therefore contain the maximum number of hydrogens.
Unsaturated fatty acids include one or more double bonds.
Define DNA
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A chemical process where a water molecule is used to break down a larger molecule into smaller components
Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
The nucleoid
What is meiosis?
It is cell division for sexual reproduction, the
chromosome number is reduced in half to
produce eggs and sperm, then the original
number is restored in the zygote.
What does the chlorophyll do?
Convert Light Energy to Chemical Energy via Photosynthesis
Name 3 of the 6 characteristics of life
–Are composed of cells
–Grow and develop
–Regulate their metabolic processes
–Respond to stimuli
–Reproduce
–Adapt to the environment
What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
The primary energy molecule of all cells
What is the cell theory?
•Cells are the basic living units of organization and function in all organisms
•All cells come from other cells
•All living cells have a common origin
What are the phases of mitosis? Bonus: what are the end products
Intraphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
bonus: 2 diploid, identical daughter cells
What is the purpose of folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane?
To increase surface area for chemical reactions
What are the 5 levels of organisms in order?
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
What are the 3 most common polysaccharides?
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
What type of cells are peroxisomes abundant in?
Human liver and kidney cells
What are the phases of cell meiosis? Bonus: what are the end products
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II
bonus: 4 haploid, unique daughter cells
What is the main Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC) in animal cells?
The centrosome, containing two centrioles each