Relational Model
This is the first stage of the Relational Model
What is Pre-Affiliation
In this stage, members are typically polite uncertain and looking for direction
What is Forming
This early stage of group development is when members are polite, unsure, and figuring out whether they belong.
What is Preaffiliation?
This factor describes members' belief that Change is possible by seeing others improve
What is instillation of hope
This is what the acronym IASWG stands for
What is the International Association for Work with Groups
This stage focuses on building emotional safety and small disclosures to form early bonds.
What is Establishing a Relational Base
This stage is characterized by conflict, power struggles and role testing
What is storming.
In this stage members test limits, jockey for influence, and conflicts about rules or leadership often appear.
What is Power and Control?
This factor captures that members are no alone in their struggles
Universality
This is the core value named as the foundational in the Standards
Dignity and Worth of a Person
This is the stage where it is most appropriate to introduce honest feedback and work through ruptures for change
In this stage, groups work efficiently towards goals with flexible leadership
What is performing?
This middle stage is when trust grows, members share more deeply, and stronger emotional bonds form.
What is Intimacy?
This factor focuses on practicing interpersonal skills like assertiveness and listening
What is development of socializing techniques
This standard highlights peer support, role emergence and conflict resolution
Group Process and Mutual Aid
This is the main focus of the termination phase of group work.
What is Processing loss, Consolidating gains and providing closure.
This leadership style is most appropriate during the forming stage
What is directive and clarifying
At this stage the group becomes more flexible: members take different roles, handle disagreements maturely, and focus on tasks and goals.
What is Differentiation?
This factor describes learning by observing and modeling others
What is imitative behavior
This is what leaders must maintain to protect members of the group
What is professional Boundaries and Confidentiality
These two skills are emphasized during the Mutuality and interpersonal empathy phase.
What is Empathetic listening and Reciprocity
This is the proper order of stages according to Tuckman
What is Forming, Storming, Norming, performing, Adjourning
This final stage involves endings, reflection on progress, saying goodbyes, and planning how to use learning outside the group.
What is Separation?
This factor involves emotional expression that provides relief and processing
What is catharsis
These are the historical limitations that the standards urge practitioners to address
Segregation, assimilation tendencies, and exclusion of marginalized voices