Hypersensitivities
In anaphylactic reactions, mast cells and basophils will produce WHAT in response to IgE-antibody.
Histamine
True or False: Autoimmune diseases disproportionately affect women.
TRUE
What is chemotherapy?
Treatment of a disease with a chemical substance-- not just cancer!
Conjunctivitis is the infection and inflammation of what?
Mucus membrane surrounding the eye (the conjunctiva)
Ampicillin is a commonly prescribed drug. What is it's mechanism of action?
inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Histamine causes what physical effects to happen?
edema, erythema, increased mucus production, smooth muscle contraction
What are the three types of autoimmune disorders?
Cytotoxic, immune complex, cell-mediated
What is selective toxicity?
Allowing for destruction of pathogenic cells and not host cells. Being selectively toxic.
What types of bacteria would you normally expect to find on the skin?
Stahylococcus, Corynebacterium, cutibacterium, propionibacterium
True or False: All antivirals work the same way.
FALSE
Cytotoxic reactions involve activation of what?
complement proteins by IgG or IgM
HLAs are present on what type of cell?
Leukocytes
In what ways do antimicrobial drugs work?
Inhibiting cell wall synthesis, inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis, inhibiting protein synthesis....
True or False: Vesicles do not contain pus
TRUE, that would then be a pustule
Which cephalosporin is often prescribed to combat MRSA?
Ceftaroline (check notes on your cheat sheet!)
Which type of hypersensitivity has the latest onset of symptoms?
Type 4-- Delayed Cell Mediated
How does Immunotherapy work?
Big pictures: boosting immune system, application of antibodies, vaccinations against cancer cells
Prescribing a broad-spectrum antibiotic, like Azithromycin, for dandruff would not work because:
Dandruff is a fungal issue; we need an anti-fungal not an antibiotic
Both tetanus and botulism are caused by the same genus of bacteria. What is that?
Clostridium
True or false: Helminth infections can be treated with antibiotics.
FALSE. you need anti-helminth drugs
Type 3 hypersensitivities are reactions that involve antibodies against what?
SOLUBLE antigens circulating in the blood
How does an individual acquire a congenital immunodeficiency?
Genetic: They are born with it (Maybelline)
Treating a patient with a tetanus infection would require treatment of both the bacteria and the toxin. What might happen if we administered a drug that only inhibits one?
We need to target both! Live cells will just continue to produce more toxins. Leaving the toxins alone just leaves them free range to circulate in the blood and cause those painful muscle contractions.
True or False: Infection of the nervous system is only accomplished by bacteria and viruses.
FALSE: Fungal infections happen too (cryptococcosis)
How do antifungals destroy fungal cells?
interrupt cell membrane and cell wall, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis