Past Perfect Simple
How do we form the past perfect simple? (affirmative)
Subject + had + participle
The past perfect is the _____ of the simple past.
What is another name for auxiliary verbs?
Modal verbs
Do auxiliary verbs follow the infintive with "to"?
No
(But there are some auxiliaries that are used with “to”, but because it is part of the auxiliary verb: have to, ought to & used to)
How do you form the contraction of "had"?
'd (the same as "would")
The past perfect is also the _____ of the present perfect.
past
Name two things that auxiliary verbs are used to express.
possibility, permission, obligation, deduction, invitations, offers
What are the two structures of auxiliary verbs?
Simple and compound/perfect
How do you make the interrogative and negative forms of the past perfect simple?
Interrogative: Had + subject + participle?
Negative: Subject + had not + participle. (The contraction of had not is hadn’t)
Which is used more in everyday conversations: past perfect or past simple?
Past simple
What is the rule about interrogative sentences with auxiliary verbs? Give an example.
The interrogative is made by reversing the position of the subject.
Ex) You are my friend. → Are you my friend?
Which four tenses does the simple structure express?
present, past, future and conditional
When is the past perfect used?
When we are already speaking in the past tense to express that something happened before
Name three words, like the present perfect, that can be used with the past perfect.
since, for, ever, never, already, yet, and just
What is the rule about negative auxiliary verbs? Give an example.
The negative is made is made by adding “not” or “n’t”/” ‘t”.
Ex. You are not my friend.
Generally, what can be expressed with the compound structure?
doubt, uncertainty, reproach
Make 2 sentences with the past perfect!
Challenge for 2 more sentences, with more information!
When it is very clear what happened before, the past perfect is not necessary and the simple past can be used, usually together with ______ or ______, which leaves no doubt about what happened before.
before/after
What is the rule about conjugation for auxiliary verbs? Give an example
Except for “be” “have” and “do” auxiliary verbs cannot be conjugated (they only have one form for everyone).
Ex. I can eat./She can eat.
Name 5 of the 13 auxiliary verbs.
be, have, do, can, may, must, have to, need, ought to, dare, used to, will, shall