Past Habitual Actions
What are the three ways to indicate habitual actions in the past?
"used to" "would" and past simple
How do you form the present simple in the third person singular (he, she, it)?
Add -s (i.e. he teaches)
Where does an adverb of frequency go in a sentence? What is the exception?
Before a verb; the verb "to be"
How is the past simple generally formed in the affirmative? Negative? Interrogative?
By adding -ed to the base form of the verb; "didn't" + base form of the verb; "Did" + subject + base form of the verb
The present perfect continuous has the same use as the present perfect simple, except for one difference. What is the difference?
The present perfect continuous is used for longer or continuous actions. It can be used to express the duration of an action.
A collective noun is the word used to represent a group of _____, ______, or ______.
people, animals, or things
What are the two types of adjectives?
Cumulative and coordinative
How is the past continuous formed (in the affirmative)?
Subject + was/were + verb+ing
Name five common/basic irregular verbs in the past simple.
Go = went, do = did, eat = ate, win = won, drink = drank.. and many more!
What are the two different ways we can put people or things in the sentence (after the verb)?
1. verb + person + thing
2. verb + thing + to/for + person
The verb "_____ ____" is used to is used for _____ and _____, things we regularly did in the past but no longer do
"used to" habits and customs
How do you form the present simple negative for the third person singluar (he, she, it)?
Add "does not" in front of the verb (i.e. he doesn't play)
Where does an adverb of frequency go in a sentence if the verb is "to be"?
After the verb "to be"
How is the present perfect simple tense formed?
Have/has + past participle
How is the present perfect continuous formed (in the affirmative)?
Have/has been + verb+ing
Name four common collective nouns for people.
band, board, choir, class, crew, crowd, gang, mob, orchestra, pack, panel, staff, team, troupe
What is the order of cumulative adjectives/the mnemonic device?
Number, opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material and purpose/ NO SAS COMP
What is the past continuous tense used for?
To talk about long, continuous actions that happened in the past- that started and ended in the past.
Name three irregular verbs in the past simple that begin with the letter "b".
bear = bore, beat = beat, bend = bent, bind = bound, bite = bit, bleed = bled, blow = blew, breed = bred, burst = burst, befall = befell, behold = beheld, beget = begot, bespeak =bespoke
What is the order of the sentence if the person is a pronoun? Give an example sentence.
verb + thing + to/for + personal pronoun
Example: I bought a book for him.
How is the negative formed of "used to"? The interrogative?
Negative: "didn't use to"
Interrogative: Did + subject + use to ____?
Name three situations we use the present simple for.
Things which are always true, permanent situations, habits or things we do regularly, future events which are part of a timetable, to talk about the future after certain words (when, until, after, before, as soon as), and to talk about what happens in books/plays/films
Where does an adverb of frequency go in a sentence if there is an auxiiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.)?
Between the auxiliary and the main verb.
Name the two uses of the present perfect simple.
To describe something that occurred or was the state of things at an unspecified time in the past; to talk about the duration of something that started in the past is still happening
[An action or state that either occurred at an indefinite time in the past (e.g., we have talked before) or began in the past and continued to the present time (e.g., he has grown impatient over the last hour)]
Name two differences in meaning between the present pefect simple and present perfect continuous
1. The present perfect continuous can be used to emphasise the length of time that has passed. The present perfect simple is generally neutral
2. The present perfect simple is often used when we're talking about how much or how many. This isn't possible with the present perfect continuous.
3. The present perfect continuous often focuses on the action itself, while the present perfect simple focuses on the fact that the action is completed.
Name four collective nouns for animals.
army, flock, herd, hive, litter, murder, pack, school, shoal, swarm, team, pride
What are the three exceptions to the normal rules that comparison adjectives may have?
1. One-syllable adjectives: Some one-syllable adjectives do not follow their norm, that is, they never make the comparative adding —er and the superlative with —est, but rather follow the norm of long adjectives, more & the most.
2. Participles: The participles, in both English and Spanish, can function as adjectives: a boiled egg, a burnt toast. The comparison of participles when they work as adjectives in English is only done with the form of long adjectives, more & the most. They never follow the form of short adjectives, whatever the participles are.
3. Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing: Adjectives ending in -ed & -ing, like participles, always make the comparison as if they were long, regardless of the number of syllables.
Both the past simple and past continuous refer to times that are in the past and to actions that started and ended in the past. As a general rule, we use the past simple for _____ actions and the past continuous for _____ actions, of _____ duration in time.
short, long, longer
Name three irregular verbs in the past simple that begin with the letter "f".
flee = fled, forbid = forbade, forecast = forecast, foresee = foresaw, freeze = froze, fling = flung, forego = forewent, foretell = foretold, forgo = forwent, forsake = forsook
What is the order of the sentence if the thing and the person are both pronouns? Give an example sentence.
verb + thing pronoun + to/for + person pronoun.
Example: I bought it for him.
"_____", in addition to being the auxiliary verb that marks the conditional in English, can also be used to express habitual actions in the past.
"Would"
Give one example of a sentence using the present simple tense to express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes.
Give one example of a sentence using the present simple tense to give instructions or directions.
Examples: I smoke. (habit); I work in London. (unchanging situation); London is a large city. (general truth)
Example: You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
Using the present perfect, we can define a period of time before now by considering its duration, with ___ + a period of time, or by considering its starting point, with _____ + a point in time.
"For" and "since"
When can you NOT use the present perfect simple?
If you are being specific about when something happened (i.e. "I have put away all the laundry this morning" is incorrect)
The present perfect continous can be used to emphasize something that is __________.
temporary (i.e. She's been running a lot lately [she doesn't usually do this])
Name four collective nouns for things.
bouquet, bunch, fleet, forest, galaxy, heap, pack, pair, pile, range, series, shower, stack, wad
Two-syllable adjectives follow either of the two forms in English to make the comparison. That is, either add the ending ____ or ____, like ____ adjectives, or with ____ and the ____, like ____ adjectives.
-er or -est, short; more and the most, long
"When" is used with the ____________ and "while" is used with the _____________.
past simple, past continuous
Name five irregular verbs in the past simple that begin with the letter "s".
saw = sawed, seek = sought, shake = shook, shine = shone, sew = sewed, shoot = shot, shrink = shrank, slide = slid, shut = shut, spit = spat, split = split, spoil = spoilt, spread = spread, spill = spilled, stink = stank, strike = struck, strive = strove, swing = swung, sweep = swept, sneak = snuck, shoe = shod, spin = spun, spring = sprang, slay = slew, sling = slung
What is the order of the sentence if the thing is any other pronoun (like one, some, any, none, something, anything, nothing)? Give an example sentence.
Either of the two structures, with all verbs followed by to or for.
Examples: I bought my father something. / I bought something for my father.
What is the main difference in using the past simple tense instead of "used to" or "would"?
The past simple doesn't emphasise the repeated or continuous nature of the action or situation. Also, the past simple doesn't make it so clear that the thing is no longer true.
Give one example of a sentence using the present simple tense to express fixed arrangements, present or future.
Give one example of a sentence using the present simple tense to express future time, after one of these conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until.
Example: Your exam starts at 9:00.
Example: He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.
Order these adverbs from most frequent to least frequent: Often, frequently, seldom, always, rarely, sometimes, occasionally, never, usually
Always, usually, frequently, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, never
Form two examples of sentences, both in the present perfect simple and past simple.
I have lived in London. I lived in London in 1989.
They have eaten Thai food. They ate Thai food last night.
Have you seen The Incredibles? When did you see The Incredibles?
We have been to Ireland. We went to Ireland last week.
Give two examples of sentences, one using the present perfect simple and the other using present perfect continuous.
Examples: They've been waiting for hours!
They've waited for hours.
Name three categories that uncountable nouns usually fall under.
Name two uncountable nouns from two of those categories.
Form two sentences, using two different uncountable nouns of the ones you have chosen.
concept, activity, food, gas, liquid, material, item category, natural phenomenon, particles
Concept: gallantry, morality, information, aptitude, patience
Activity: homework, singing, reading, fishing
Food: bread, butter, cheese, fish, milk
Gas: air, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, smoke
Liquid: beer, coffee, petrol, water, wine
Material: cloth, concrete, lumber, wood, metal
Item category: clothing, furniture, luggage, money
Natural phenomenon: gravity, heat, humidity, rain, snow, sunshine, thunder
Particles: flour, grit, salt, sugar
Adjectives ending in a vowel or vowel-like sound (except -re and -ive) usually follow the form of _____ adjectives, adding ___ or ____.
Adjectives ending in a consonant (except -r and -t) usually follow the form of _____ adjectives, using ___ or the ____.
short, -er or -est
long, more or the most
Give two examples of sentences, one using "when" and the other using "while".
Examples: The movie ended when you arrived.
I was watching while she was cooking.
Give three examples of sentences using the past simple tense AND irregular verbs with more than 7 words.
The more creative, the better!
What is the sentence order if the thing or person is a long phrase? Give an example sentence.
The long phrase always go at the end of the sentence.
Examples: Tell me what you are thinking. / She cooked pasta for all the students that were at school.