Gravity & Forces
“Mistakes ______ your brain.”
Growth
“You’re not learning science — you’re learning how to ______.”
think
Science isn’t just learned — it’s ______.”
A) memorized
B) written
C) lived
D) tested
C) lived
Complete the phrase:
“You don’t need to be an expert to start — you just need to ______.”
Start
Complete the phrase:
“Knowledge gives you power. Using it wisely gives you ______.”
a) power
b) intelligent
c) light
d) wisdom
What force keeps planets orbiting the Sun?
Gravity
What information can scientists obtain from a star’s light spectrum?
Composition and temperature.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base.
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Growth and repair.
What is gene expression?
The process by which information in DNA produces a protein.
Define inertia.
The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion.
According to the mnemonic, which spectral class is the hottest?
O-type stars
Which bases pair together in DNA?
Adenine–Thymine, Cytosine–Guanine.
Why must DNA replicate before cell division?
To ensure each daughter cell receives identical genetic information.
What role does mRNA play in protein synthesis?
It carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes.
Explain why astronauts feel weightless in orbit even though gravity still acts on them.
They are in continuous free fall around Earth.
Where are most stars located on the H-R diagram?
On the Main Sequence.
Complete the complementary DNA strand:
Original strand:
5’ – A T G C C A T – 3’
What is the complementary strand?
A) T A C G G T A
B) U A C G G U A
C) A T G C C A T
D) T A G C C T A
Answer: A
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A) Prokaryotes are larger
B) Eukaryotes do not have DNA
C) Eukaryotes have a nucleus; prokaryotes do not
D) Prokaryotes have mitochondria
Correct Answer: C)
How can a mutation affect an organism?
A) It changes the color of the DNA.
B) It can change a protein, which may change a trait.
C) It makes the cell disappear.
D) It always kills the organism.
Correct Answer: B) It can change a protein, which may change a trait.
How did Galileo challenge the geocentric model, and why was this significant for scientific thinking?
He used telescope observations (moons of Jupiter, phases of Venus) to support heliocentrism, changing how knowledge was constructed.
A star is very bright but has a low surface temperature.
Where would it be located on the Hertzsprung–Russell (H-R) diagram?
A) Bottom left – White dwarf
B) Top left – Blue supergiant
C) Top right – Red giant or supergiant
D) Bottom right – Brown dwarf
C) Top right – Red giant or supergiant
Why does the specific sequence of DNA bases matter for an organism?
A) It determines the color of DNA
B) It determines the order of amino acids in proteins
C) It changes the shape of the nucleus
D) It controls how fast cells divide
Correct Answer: B
Which structure is found in eukaryotic cells but NOT in prokaryotic cells?
A) Ribosomes
B) Cell membrane
C) Cytoplasm
D) Membrane-bound organelles
Correct Answer: D) Membrane-bound organelles
How can a mutation affect phenotype (traits)?
A) It can change how a trait looks or works.
B) It changes the size of the nucleus.
C) It removes all DNA.
D) It always improves the organism.
Correct Answer: A)