Category 1
What are the two layers of word-stock?
the native stock of words and the borrowed stock of words
_______________ is the ability of a word (or a root/stem) to produce new words through derivational affixes (prefixes and suffixes).
Derivational potential
In linguistic literature the term ___________ is conventionally used to denote words of Anglo-Saxon origin brought to the British Isles from the continent in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes — the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes.
native
How do we call a group of words that are similar or close to each other in meaning?
semantic groups
__________ are words from other languages used by the English people in conversation or in writing but not assimilated in any way, and for which there are corresponding English equivalents
Barbarisms
___________ are words taken over from another language and modified according to the patterns of the receiving language.
Borrowed words
What is the most basic, irreducible core of a word?
A root
What is the form of a word to which affixes (especially inflectional ones) are added?
A stem
Which words came into English during The latest stratum of Latin Words?
mainly abstract and scientific words (nylon, molecular, vaccine, phenomenon, vacuum)
In many cases one and the same word was borrowed twice either from the same language or from different languages. This accounts for the existence of the so called ________________________.
etymological doublets
the language from which the word was immediately borrowed
source of borrowing
Fine
-300
the language to which the word may be ultimately traced
origin of borrowing
What are Later French borrowings can be identified by their peculiarities of form and pronunciation?
regime, police, ballet, scene, bourgeois
Bonus
+300
____________ are words or expressions formed from the elements existing in the English language according to the patterns of the source language
Translation loans
_____________ is the borrowing of a meaning for a word already existing in the English language
A semantic loan
In which period these words (cup, kitchen, mill, port, wine) came into English?
Early Latin Loans
Bonus
+400
How many percentage of the English word-stock were not derived from other languages?
30 %
Fine
-500
Tell at least three Later Latin Borrowings that came into English.
priest bishop, nun, candle
Two historical events that caused to borrow these words (major, minor intelligent, permanent)
the Norman Conquest in 1066 and the Renaissance
What kind of borrowings are these words (shah, rajah)?
Borrowings not assimilated semantically. Such words usually denote objects and notions peculiar to the country from which they came.
Most native words possess a wide range of lexical and grammatical valency. How can you identify the term "lexical valency" written in bold?
the ability of a word (usually a verb) to combine with a certain number and type of other words