Category 1
a set of words in a group specific ways
A semantic field
a notational method which can be used to express the existence or non-existence of semantic properties by using plus and minus signs
A semantic feature
__________________ contains words that share a semantic property.
A semantic class
_______________ is represented by one of the components of meaning of a word.
A semantic property
Two main types of word meaning which can be distinguished in words and word-forms are _________________________
the grammatical and the lexical meanings
the linguistic phenomenon when a word has more than one meaning, resulting in semantic structure consisting of a number of lexico-semantic variants
Polysemy
the component of the lexical meaning which makes communication possible because the knowledge people have about things is ultimately embodied in words which have essentially the same meaning for all speakers of that language
The denotational meaning
one of the objective semantic features proper to words as linguistic units and forms part of the connotational component of the lexical meaning
The emotive charge
a feature of a word showing its belonging to a particular functional style
The stylistic reference
the stylistic reference and the emotive and/or evaluative charge proper to the word in the given context or discourse.
The connotational meaning
the process of change of meaning when a word which before represented broader meaning, now has more restricted one
Restriction of meaning
the process of change of meaning when the word is applied to a wider variety of referents
Extension of meaning
the process of change of meaning when the word with the new meaning comes to be used in the specialised vocabulary of some limited group
Specialisation of meaning
the process of change of meaning when the word with the extended meaning passes from the specialised vocabulary into common use
Generalisation of meaning
the improvement of the connotational component of meaning
Ameliorative development of the meaning
words identical in sound-form or spelling but different in meaning
Homonyms
a semantic relationship of inclusion
Hyponymy
words identical in spelling, but different both in their sound-form and meaning
Homographs
words identical in sound-form but different both in spelling and in meaning
Homophones
the semantic phenomenon of closeness in the meanings and the same part-of-speech reference of two or more lexical units
Synonymy
words are those which are often regarded as a violation of the norms of Standard English
Slang
words used in narrow groups bound by the same occupation
Professionalisms
coarse words that are not generally used in public, often called ‘informal vocabulary’
Vulgarisms
an inoffensive word or phrase substituted for one considered offensive or hurtful
euphemisms
local varieties of a language used as a means of oral communication in small localities
Dialects