Defenses
What defense claims a person was induced by law enforcement to commit a crime they otherwise would not have committed?
What is: Entrapment
What term describes a person who helps or encourages a crime before or during its commission and is guilty of the same offense?
What is: An accomplice
What term describes crimes that punish steps taken toward committing a crime, even if the crime is not completed?
What is: Inchoate offense
True/False: Retributionists assume that justice is best served through the incarceration of convicted offenders.
What is: True
What term refers to the legal classification system used to rank the seriousness of murder, often affecting sentencing severity?
What are: Degrees of murder
True or False: Judicial waiver occurs when police officers automatically transfer all juveniles to adult criminal court without a judge’s involvement.
What is: False
What legal concept refers to liability for participating in a crime before or during its commission?
What is: Complicity
What inchoate offense requires an act that goes beyond preparation but falls short of completing the intended crime?
What is: Attempt
What is the effect on protected expression that the void-for-overbreadth doctrine seeks to prevent?
What is: Unacceptable Chilling Effect
What category of murder is typically defined as the most serious and is the only form that may qualify for capital punishment in some jurisdictions?
What is: First-degree murder
What legal defense applies when a person commits a crime because they were forced or threatened if they refused?
What is: The Defense of Duress
What element of accomplice liability requires more than mere presence and must involve a positive act of assistance or encouragement?
WHat is: Actus reus
What mental state is always required for criminal attempt, meaning the defendant must have the specific intent to commit the target crime?
What is: Mens rea of attempt
What principle requires that a crime and its punishment be clearly defined by law before someone can be punished?
What is: Legality
What homicide offense involves an intentional killing committed in the heat of passion due to adequate provocation?
What is: Voluntary manslaughter
Diminished capacity is ___________________
What is: a failure-of-proof defense in which the defendant attempts to prove that the defendant, incapable of the requisite intent of the crime charged, is innocent of that crime but may well be guilty of a lesser one
What type of participant is guilty of a separate, lesser offense for helping a criminal after the crime has already been committed?
What is: Accessory after the fact
What defense applies when a defendant’s intended conduct is not actually a crime, even if they believe it is?
What is: Legal impossibility
Why did criminal law reformers oppose common-law crimes?
What is: They were disorderly, incomplete, and antidemocratic
What crime requires an unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought as its core elements?
What is: Murder
What term describes a cluster of symptoms or signs that commonly occur together and characterize a particular condition or disorder?
What is: Syndrome
What legal doctrine allows the transfer of criminal responsibility from one person to another based on their relationship, such as in businesses or other organizational settings?
What is: Vicarious liability
What inchoate offense is based on an agreement between two or more people to commit a crime, often paired with an overt act in furtherance of that agreement, and is justified by concerns about group criminality?
What is: Conspiracy
Who has the burden of proof regarding criminal conduct?
Who is: The Prosecution
What legal concept reduces murder to manslaughter by acknowledging human emotional weakness, but does not excuse criminal liability?
What is: Adequate provocation