Unit 2
This value tells us the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two quantitative variables.
What is the correlation coefficient (r)?
This type of study assigns treatments to subjects to observe effects on a response variable.
What is an experiment?
The probability of an event that cannot happen.
What is 0?
This describes the variability of a statistic from sample to sample.
What is sampling variability?
This type of test is used to test a claim about a population proportion.
What is a one-proportion z-test?
This is the line that minimizes the sum of the squared residuals.
What is the least-squares regression line?
A method of selecting individuals such that every group of a given size has an equal chance of being chosen.
What is a simple random sample (SRS)?
If two events cannot occur at the same time, they are called this.
What are mutually exclusive (disjoint) events?
This theorem states that for large enough n, the sampling distribution of the sample mean is approximately normal.
What is the Central Limit Theorem (CLT)?
This is the range of values that is likely to contain the true population proportion.
What is a confidence interval?
If the correlation is close to 0, the relationship between the variables is described this way.
What is weak or no linear association?
A confounding variable is present in this type of observational study that lacks random assignment.
What is a retrospective or prospective study?
This rule is used when calculating the probability of A or B occurring.
What is the addition rule? (P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B))
The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
What is the population mean (μ)?
If the p-value is less than α, we make this decision.
What is reject the null hypothesis?
This type of outlier significantly affects the slope of a regression line.
What is an influential point?
These three principles are essential in designing a good experiment.
What are control, random assignment, and replication?
For independent events A and B, this is how you find the probability of both happening.
What is the multiplication rule? (P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B))
The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample proportion.
What is √[p(1 – p) / n]?
This is the name of the value from the standard normal distribution used to construct a confidence interval for a proportion.
What is the critical value (z*)?
The square of the correlation coefficient, it represents the percent of variation in y explained by the model.
What is the coefficient of determination (r²)?
This type of experimental design groups subjects by a variable that could affect the response before randomly assigning treatments within each group.
What is a block design?
The expected value of a discrete random variable is calculated using this formula.
What is E(X) = Σ[x × P(x)]?
These two conditions must be met to use a normal approximation for sample proportions.
What are np ≥ 10 and n(1 – p) ≥ 10?
This is the name for a false positive in hypothesis testing.
What is a Type I error?