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What are the 2 classes of arthropods? Which organisms are within each?
Class Insecta- all have 6 legs in all life stages, some have wings- includes lice, fleas, flies
Class Arachnida- may have 6 legs when young but then get "extra pair" later, most do NOT have wings- includes mites and ticks
What does a louse look like generally?
No wings, small (1-5 mm), DV flattened
What are the 2 structures that most arthropods have?
Chitinous exoskeleton, jointed appendages
What should you not let bite when you say good night?
Bed bugs- they gonna getcha :)
What is the difference between infection and infestation?
Infection is internal, infestation is external
What is the only cat louse and which category does it fit into?
Felicola (mallophaga)
What do bugs say?
I don't know, probably nothing
What is the main pig louse and which category does it fit into? What pathology does it cause?
Haematopinus suis (anopluran)- extremely irritating (hogs rub until they bleed), anemia may occur in young pigs, vector of swine pox (mycoplasma)
What are the two types of metamorphosis? How can you tell one from the other?
Simple (incomplete)- adult stage looks very similar to larval stage
Complex (complete)- adult stage looks significantly different than larval stage
If louse plural is lice, mouse plural is mice, what is house plural?
Hice
Name a bug.
What are the main avian/poultry lice and which category do they fit into? What pathology do they cause?
Birds/poultry ONLY have chewing lice (mallophaga)- Menopon and Menacanthus
Cause decreased production, irritation/redness, not known to vector pathogens
Yes.
What are the main 2 types of human lice and what categories do they fit into? What pathology do they cause? How are they transmitted?
Pediculus (anoplura)- head and body lice, body lice on clothes not hair
Phthirius (anoplura)- pubic lice, claws adapted to coarse hairs
Pathology- intense pruritus, papillar dermatitis
Transmission occurs via direct contact or fomites
Why are dung beetles important? What parasitic disease do they cause?
They do NOT parasitize
What diseases are sucking lice capable of transmitting in cattle?
Anaplasmosis, dermatomycosis, rarely theileriosis to cattle
What are the 2 main dog lice and which categories do they fit in?
Linognathus (anoplura)
Trichodectes (mallophaga)- intermediate host for Dipylidium caninum
What are the main ruminant lice and what categories do they fit into? What pathology do they cause?
Haematopinus eurysternus (anoplura)- cattle in North America, anemia if heavy infestation, the bugs die out in winter
Linognathus (anoplura) in small ruminants, Damalina (mallophaga) in both small and large ruminants
Damalina may secondarily cause cockle (fleece devaluation and wool slippage) in sheep
What are some ways to manage lice?
Insecticides, spreading animals out, preventing fomite transmission, monthly flea/tick products, dips, sprays, shampoos, repellents
What are the 2 main horse lice and which category do they fit into? What pathology do they cause?
Damalina/Werneckiella (mallophaga) and Haematopinus (anoplura)- usually don't cause clinical problems unless in large numbers, not known to vector pathogens, may cause pruritus, hair loss, coat deterioration
What are kissing bugs, bed bugs and blister beetles?
Bed bugs- DV flattened, vestigial wings, characteristic odor, feed on blood, attack hosts at night, may possibly be a vector for Trypanosoma cruzi
Blister beetles- secrete cantharadin toxin (often onto alfalfa plants) that causes GI upset, UTI, shock, circulatory collapse and death in horses (+others).
What are the main pocket pet lice and what categories do they fit into? What is the treatment for them?
Polyplax (anoplura)- causes anemia, nuisance in lab colonies, treatment is topical fipronil
Gliricola, Gyropus, Trimenopon (mallophaga)- treatment is feline advantage multi (moxidectin and imidacloprid)
What types of clinical disease are associated with lice?
Decreased production, irritation/self-inflicted injury (ie hair loss, scratching), soilage/damage to wool, vector capability (ie Dipylidium caninum, epidemic typhus, swine pox virus)
What are "-laners?"
Isoxazolenes like lotilaner- extremely efficacious oral flea and tick products for small animals, not specifically labeled for mites or lice but kills both
What are the 2 types of lice? Briefly describe specific characteristics of each and any shared characteristics they have.
Anoplura (blood sucking)- piercing mouth parts, narrow head, parasitize placental animals, pincer-like tarsal claws
Mallophaga (chewing)- chewing mouth parts, broad head, parasitize birds/mammals, no pincers
Both- entire life spent on host, host-specific, eggs secured to hairs, simple metamorphosis