DNA
What is the general shape of DNA?
Double Helix
Name the allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a another allele.
How many chromosomes do humans typically have?
46
Name the naturalist that proposed the theory of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution.
Charles Darwin
What time of genotype is represented by the Tt
Heterozygous
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Sugar, Phosphate Group, Nitrogenous Base
Who is the man whom history credits as the founder of heredity, or, genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
Genotype is your genetic makeup and. phenotype is the observable trait.
What do we call an external factor that affects the survival and reproduction of organisms, leading to changes in a population over time.
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence.
What would be the corresponding base pairs to the following sequence: ATTCG
TAAGC
Homozygous
What is the significance of the term "genome"?
It refers to the complete set of genetic material (DNA) in an organism, including all its genes.
Name one scientist and their contribution to the developing theory of evolution.
TBD by Teacher
Cytokinesis
During DNA replication what enzyme unwinds the double helix?
Helicase.
In snapdragons, red flowers (R) are dominant over white flowers (r). If you cross a homozygous red flower plant (RR) with a heterozygous red flower plant (Rr), what are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
50% homozygous dominate Red flowers
50% heterozgous Red flowers
What are the two main types of mutations that can occur in DNA?
What are the two main types of mutations that can occur in DNA?
Name 4 pieces of evidence for evolution.
- Fossils
- Comparative Anatomy
- Biomolecules
- Comparative Embryology
- Geographical distribution
What does the term "in vitro" mean in the context of in vitro fertilization, and how does it differ from natural conception?
"In vitro" means "in glass," referring to the process where fertilization occurs outside the body, in a laboratory setting, rather than inside a woman’s body (as in natural conception). In IVF, eggs are retrieved from the ovaries and combined with sperm in a lab to facilitate fertilization before the resulting embryos are transferred back to the uterus.
What do you call a sequence of three nitrogenous bases in DNA that codes for a specific amino acid?
Codon
In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b).
If you cross a heterozygous black-furred rabbit, with a homozygous brown-furred rabbit, what are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
50% Hetrozygous Black Fur (Bb)
50% Homozygous recessive Brown Fur (bb)
What is the term for a visual representation of an individual’s chromosomes, often used to identify genetic abnormalities?
The term is karyotype. A karyotype is a photograph or diagram of an individual’s chromosomes arranged in pairs, which can help detect chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy or deletions.
What is the primary reason humans and chimpanzees share a significant amount of DNA, and why might this lead some to mistakenly believe they are direct descendants of one another?
Humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor, which is why they have a high percentage of DNA similarity (about 98-99%). This leads to the misconception that humans evolved directly from chimpanzees, when in fact, both species diverged from a common ancestor millions of years ago.
What are the processes that ensure variation during meiosis?
Crossing Over and Independent Assortment