Charlemagne
The period referred to as the Middle Ages
500-1500 CE, or after the Fall of the Roman Empire
Secluded community for monks and nuns to focus on prayer and scripture
What are monasteries and convents?
Group responsible for looting European villages and monasteries
Vikings
A group of workers who practiced the same craft joined this
Topography
Natural and physical features of an area
A piece of land surrounded by bodies of water
Peninsula
Official language of the Church and educated
Latin
Economic system under feudalism
Manorialism
Opinion opposite to the church
Heresy
St. Patrick
Missionary who opened hundreds of churches in Ireland
Charlemagne's nickname
Father of Europe
Large community of Christians spread across the world
4-tiered social system in Medieval Europe; place each tier in the right order from top to bottom
king, lords, knights, peasants/serfs
Group of monks who took an oath of poverty and preached to ordinary people
University
Battle at which Charles Martel prevented the Muslims from further advancing into Europe
Battle of Tours
Why was the Iberian peninsula not a part of Christendom?
It was inhabited by Muslims
Explain the three field system
Crop rotation 1) spring crops 2) winter crops 3) fallow
What is gothic architecture
Tall cathedrals of new heights combined with religious symbolism
Code of chivalry
Knights' behavior expectations: loyalty to lord and one self
Describe the event which established the authority of the church and the state
What is Pope Leo III's coronation of Charlemagne?
What are the 5 Benedictine Rules?
Vow to live in community, obey leaders, work for good of community, unmarried, and own nothing
What is a bill of exchange
Merchants could deposit money in one bank and withdraw from another in a different city
What did Thomas Aquinas do
Natural laws applied to nature and human affairs (faith & reason came from God)
Vassal
knight to the lord