Life in Society: Sedentarization and Social Organization

The Paleolithic Period

100

What is another name for the Paleolithic period?

The "old" stone age. 

200

What archeological discovery shows us that people began to develop their artistic abilities during this time?

• Cave paintings

300

What were the role of men vs. the role of women in these nomadic societies

Men: 

Hunted and fishes

Women: Gathered berries, plants and roots with the children

400

Name 4 things humans learned/did during the Paleolithic period?

• Learned how to make fire and control it to stay warm and cook food
• Created tools made from stones and bones to defend themselves and hunt (used flint to sharpen the tools)
• Adapted to climate conditions 
• Learned what types of wild vegetation they could eat to survive (grains and legumes).
• Studied the habits of animals to hunt them
• Developed various artistic abilities (ex. cave painting)

500

Name 4 characteristics of a Nomadic lifestyle. 

• Hunters and gatherers
• Moving from place to place to find food; They were forced to follow the migration (movement) of animals 
• Lived in small groups of 10-30people (to ensure sufficient food for everyone) 
• Lived in temporary dwellings (caves, or shelters that were easy to undo and transport)

The Neolithic Period

100

What is another name for the Neolithic period?

The "new" stone age.

200

Name two things artisans began to produce in the Neolithic period. 

• Tools (metals)
• Containers (pottery)
• Clothing and carpets (weaving wool) 
• Houses 

300

During the Neolithic period, humans noticed that seeds buried in the earth would sprout and grow into plants. This observation led them to gradually develop what? 

Agriculture. 

400

Transitioning from a nomadic to a sedentary lifestyle improved living conditions, which led to ...

an increased life expectancy and a growth in population. 

500

Name 4 characteristics of a sedentary society. 

• Settled down to live permanently in one place
• Farmed and domesticated animals to feed its people 
• Lived in larger groups of people, formed societies with social hierarchies

Had permanent shelters with stronger fortification

Sedentarization and Agriculture

100

Where did sedentarization begin around 12000 BCE?

In the Middle East in the region of the Fertile Crescent. 

200

Name one form of technology that helped farming by bringing water to the crops.

What is irrigation?

300

What were some of the reasons that humans domesticated animals between the 8th and the 4th millenium? 

- They raised them as food.

- They used them to guard their herds.

- They used them for labour and transportation of merchandise.  

400

Name three forms of technology that helped humans improve their agricultural production during this period.

• The discovery of metals (metallurgy)
• The invention of containers (pottery) 
• Irrigation (building canals from the river to the crops)

500

What is "Sedentarization"? 

The permanent establishment of a people in a territory. Settling down in regions that had rich soil, with vegetation that could feed their people, rather than continually moving around based on the animals they were hunting

Cities and Social Organization

100

Why did the idea of owning property progressively emerge within the first cities?

Farmers would work on a plot of land and would have animals, tools, and housing in which they had invested time.They felt the land should belong to them.

200

What are the two meanings of the word "trade"?

• Jobs (pottery, builder, tailor, metallurgist)
• Barter (trading products they had made)

300

Name the two "first cities" that were spoken about in this unit. 

• Jericho (9000 BCE)
• Çatal Hüyük (6500 BCE)

400

Share two of the benefits of having cities at this time. 

• Took shelter behind solid fortifications to protect themselves.
• Sharing their means of survival and products they had made.
• Division of labour led to a variety of trades; Most were farmers, but some had specialized trades (potters, builders, tailors, etc...).

500

What is a merchant & why did this trade (job) become more prominent as cities grew? 

Someone who provides the service of trading other people’s products. This became more prominent as cities grew because artisans and farmers lived farther away from one another and didn't necessarily want to go far away to trade their products.