Colonial Economy
In New England, long winters and thin, rocky soil made large-scale farming difficult. Most farmers here practiced?
Subsistence farming
When English colonists came to North America, they brought with them English ideas about ___________ .
government
Producing just enough to meet immediate needs.
Subsistence farming
___________ is the permanent moving of people into one country from other countries—was important to this growth.
Immigration
In spring 1754, the governor of Virginia sent a ______—a military force made up of ordinary citizens—to drive out the French. Leading this force was a young Virginian. His name was George Washington.
militia
___________ was an important New England industry?
Shipbuilding
The Magna Carta, or Great Charter, which King John signed on June 15, 1215. This document gave English people protection against unjust ___________ or ___________.
Treatment or punishment
Variety, such as of ethnic or national groups.
diversity
Many people died in ________, outbreaks that affect large numbers of people.
epidemics
The _____________ was the most powerful group of Native Americans in eastern North America. At that time, the confederacy included six nations—the Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Tuscarora.
Iroquois Confederacy
Most people in the Middle Colonies were _________ .
farmers
To set clear limits on a ruler's powers, Parliament drew up the English Bill of Rights in _______.
1689
Trade route between three destinations, such as Britain, West Africa, and the West Indies.
Triangular trade
A spirit of independence developed early in the history of the American people. Far from the rules and limits of their home countries, settlers began to develop their own ways of doing things. Throughout the colonies, people _________ their traditions to the new conditions of life.
adapted
The turning point came in 1757, when William Pitt became prime minister, the head of the British government. Pitt was a great military planner. He sent more trained British troops to fight in North America. To stop colonial complaints about the cost of the war, Pitt decided that Britain would pay for it. He knew that, after the war, the British would raise colonists' taxes to help pay the large bill. Pitt had only delayed the time when the colonists would have to pay their share of the __________.
military costs
The Middle Colonies attracted many Scotch-Irish, German, Dutch, and _____________ settlers.
Swedish
The Bill of Rights stated that the ruler could not _________ Parliament's laws, _________ taxes, or ________ an army without Parliament's consent.
suspend, impose, raise
Rules focusing on the behavior and punishment of enslaved people.
slave code
Men were the formal heads of the households. They managed the farm or business and represented the family in the community. On the farm, men worked in the fields and built barns, houses, and fences. Sons might work as indentured servants for local farmers or become apprentices. An __________ agrees to work with a skilled craftsperson as a way of learning a trade.
apprentice
Many Native Americans saw the settlers as a ________ to their way of life. One of these was Pontiac, the chief of an Ottawa village near Detroit. In 1763, Pontiac and his forces captured the British fort at Detroit and other British outposts. During Pontiac's War, Native Americans killed settlers along the Pennsylvania and Virginia frontiers.
threat
Most large plantations were located in the _________, a region of flat, low-lying plains along the seacoast.
Tidewater
Mercantilism holds that a country builds wealth and power by building its supplies of gold and silver. To achieve this goal, a country must ________ , or sell to other countries, more than it ________ , or buys from other countries.
exports, imports
A system by which people elect delegates to make laws and conduct government.
Representative government
Most colonists valued __________. Parents often taught their children to read and write at home. In New England and Pennsylvania, in particular, people set up schools to make sure everyone could read and study the Bible
education
Britain's _________ problems also led to trouble. Deeply in debt as a result of the war with France, the British government made plans to tax the colonies and tighten trade rules. These efforts would lead to conflict—and eventually revolution.
financial