DNA
This is what sections of DNA that code for different proteins are called.
What are alleles?
This formula, named after two gentlemen (Godfrey and Wilhelm), describes the tendency for allele frequency in a population to remain stable over time.
What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
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These 4 processes result in microevolution, the change in the frequency of alleles in a population over a relatively short time span.
What are:
1. Mutation
2. Natural selection
3. Gene flow
4. Genetic drift
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What are:
1. Anatomical features
2. The structure of DNA/RNA/Proteins
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The complementary DNA strand which pairs with the DNA sequence TTTACGTACGT.
What is AAATGCATGCA?
The terms which describe the process where one gene's expression can be masked by the presence of another version of the same gene.
What is recessive and dominant alleles?
The frequency of two alleles in a population of ostriches in 0.22 (O) and 0.78 (o). This number would be the percentage of heterozygous individuals in the population.
(Remember: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1)
What is 34%?
This term describes the process by which organisms who are more successful in their environment (have higher fitness) are more likely to pass on their genes to following generations.
What is natural selection?
Taxonomic classification of organisms can be (and often has been) changed because of this.
What is the emergence of new information, such as genetic sequencing?
DNA base pairs are held together by this type of chemical bond.
What is hydrogen bonding?
The reason why an organism may have different versions of the same gene with the same function.
What is inheriting one allele from each parent organism?
This number describes the percentage of heterozygous individuals in a population of anemones in which 21% are homozygous recessive for the gene of interest.
(Remember p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1)
What is ~50%?
Physical separation and ecological separation are both examples of this concept which can lead to speciation.
What is reproductive isolation?
In an evolutionary tree, the species at the bottom represents this to all the species at the top of the tree.
The DNA base pairs classified as purines.
What is Adenine (A), and Guanine (G)?
What is homozygous alleles?
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is only possible if these 5 things are true.
What are:
1. There are no mutations
2. There is no preference for one allele over another
3. Organisms mate randomly
4. There is no emigration or immigration affecting the population
5. The population size remains large
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This could be used to describe "carcinization", a term which highlights the way that many species of underwater crustacean have changed over time to resemble crabs.
What is convergent evolution?
This is the taxonomic hierarchy in order from largest to smallest category.
What is: Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species ?
(Dear King Phil Came Over For Good Soup)
DNA accomplishes this purpose in living organisms.
What is carrying the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms.
The Law of Independent Assortment states this in regards to gene inheritance.
What is the fact that the alleles of one gene are inherited independently of the alleles of another gene, due to the specifics of meiosis?
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a gene mutation (s) which is recessive to the healthy gene (S). If 1 in 2500 newborns in Canada have sickle cell anemia, what percentage of the population is heterozygous (Ss)?
What is 3.92% of the population is heterozygous?
This is the major factor which differentiates microevolution from macroevolution.
What are:
>Time span - Micro (short) vs. Macro (long)
>Types of change - Micro (small allele changes) vs. Macro (accumulation of small changes over time leading to much greater change)
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*You could say that Macroevolution is the result of many microevolutions*
These are the 6 "Kingdoms" of life.
What are:
1. Eubacteria
2. Archaebacteria
3. Protista
4. Fungi
5. Plantae
6. Animalia
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